(a) Interpretation: Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined. Concept introduction: The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows: β = Δ c b Δ pH Here, Δ c b is the change in the concentration of the buffer and Δ pH is the change in the pH value.

Question

In the Thermo Fisher application note about wine analysis (Lesson 3), the following chromatogram was collected of nine components of wine. If peak 3 has a retention time of 3.15 minutes and a peak width of 0.070 minutes, and peak 4 has a retention time of 3.24 minutes and a peak width of 0.075 minutes, what is the resolution factor between the two peaks? [Hint: it will help to review Lesson 2 for this question.] MAU 300 200 T 34 5 100- 1 2 CO 6 7 8 9 0 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 Minutes 3.22 0.62 1.04 O 1.24

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 91IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The pH of the buffer after the addition of strong acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A graph between buffer index and pH needs to be plotted indicating the minimum and maximum buffer indices.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

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In the Thermo Fisher application note about wine analysis (Lesson 3), the following chromatogram was collected of nine components of wine. If peak 3 has a retention time of 3.15 minutes and a peak width of 0.070 minutes, and peak 4 has a retention time of 3.24 minutes and a peak width of 0.075 minutes, what is the resolution factor between the two peaks? [Hint: it will help to review Lesson 2 for this question.] MAU 300 200 T 34 5 100- 1 2 CO 6 7 8 9 0 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 Minutes 3.22 0.62 1.04 O 1.24

The diagram shows two metals, A and B, which melt at 1000°C and 1400°C. State the weight percentage of the primary constituent (grains of C) that would be obtained by solidifying a 20% alloy of B. 1000°C a+L L+C 900°С 12 α a+C 45 1200 C L+y 140096 C+Y a+ß 800°C 700°C C+B 96 92 a+B 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 A % peso B B

8. Choose the compound that will produce the spectrum below and assign the signals to the corresponding protons. 2 4 3 ō (ppm) OH 4 6 6 СОН 2 1 0

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 91IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The pH of the buffer after the addition of strong acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A graph between buffer index and pH needs to be plotted indicating the minimum and maximum buffer indices.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 91IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The pH of the buffer after the addition of strong acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A graph between buffer index and pH needs to be plotted indicating the minimum and maximum buffer indices.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 91IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The pH of the buffer after the addition of strong acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A graph between buffer index and pH needs to be plotted indicating the minimum and maximum buffer indices.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 91IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The pH of the buffer after the addition of strong acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A graph between buffer index and pH needs to be plotted indicating the minimum and maximum buffer indices.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 91IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 91IAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the buffer index expression, the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The pH of the buffer after the addition of strong acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The pH of the buffer after the addition of strong acid needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A graph between buffer index and pH needs to be plotted indicating the minimum and maximum buffer indices.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A graph between buffer index and pH needs to be plotted indicating the minimum and maximum buffer indices.

Concept introduction:

The buffer index is defined as the ratio of the increase in the concentration/amount of the strong acid or base added to the buffer with a change in the pH value. When a strong acid or base is added to the buffer solution, the change in the buffer index can be represented as follows:

β=ΔcbΔpH

Here, Δcb is the change in the concentration of the buffer and ΔpH is the change in the pH value.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

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Solution Summary: The author explains the value of the buffer index for acetic acid buffer.

Chapter 17 Solutions