Chapter 17, Problem 60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given reaction it should be showed that how the product is prepared from the starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species during a chemical reaction. The species whose electrons are removed is said to be oxidized.

Generally, oxidation of aldehyde or ketones gives alcohol which on further oxidation results in formation of acids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given reaction it should be showed that how the product is prepared from the starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species during a chemical reaction. The species which gets electrons are said to be reduced.

Generally, reduction of primary alcohol results to give aldehyde.

Aldehyde (except formaldehyde) in presence of Grignard Reagent results in formation of secondary alcohol.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species during a chemical reaction. The species whose electrons are removed is said to be oxidized.

Generally, oxidation of primary alcohol forms aldehyde and secondary alcohol forms ketone.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given reaction it should be showed that how the product prepared from the starting material.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species during a chemical reaction. The species which gets electrons are said to be reduced.

Reaction for aldehydes and ketones in presence of primary amine is as follows,

The carbonyl group of a carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative gets converted into imine in presence of primary amine which is depicted as follows,

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species during a chemical reaction. The species whose electrons are removed is said to be oxidized.

Generally, oxidation of primary alcohol forms aldehyde and secondary alcohol forms ketone.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given reaction it should be showed that how the product is prepared from the starting material.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species during a chemical reaction. The species which gets electrons are said to be reduced.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species during a chemical reaction. The species whose electrons are removed is said to be oxidized.

Generally, oxidation of primary alcohol forms aldehyde and secondary alcohol forms ketone.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given reaction it should be showed that how the product is prepared from the starting material.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species during a chemical reaction. The species which gets electrons are said to be reduced.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species during a chemical reaction. The species whose electrons are removed is said to be oxidized.

Generally, oxidation of primary alcohol forms aldehyde and secondary alcohol forms ketone.

Ketone in presence of Grignard Reagent results to form tertiary alcohol.