Chapter 17, Problem 44E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the pure water will have the lowest total pressure at $\text{25°C}$ and the highest vapor pressure at $\text{25°C}$ assuming the vapor pressure of pure water is $\text{23}\text{.8 torr}$ .

Concept Introduction : Vapor pressure or an equilibrium vapor pressure of a substance is a pressure exerted by the vapors in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phase (like liquid or solid) at the given temperature in a closed system. It can be calculated as:

  ${\text{P}}_{\text{soln}}\text{=}{\chi }_{\text{solvent}}\text{×}{\text{P}}_{\text{solvent}}^{\text{0}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether a glucose solution in water having mole fraction $\left({\chi }_{\text{glucose}}\right)$

  $0.01$ will have the lowest total pressure at $\text{25°C}$ and the highest vapor pressure at $\text{25°C}$ assuming the vapor pressure of pure water is $\text{23}\text{.8 torr}$ .

Concept Introduction : Vapor pressure or an equilibrium vapor pressure of a substance is a pressure exerted by the vapors in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phase (like liquid or solid) at the given temperature in a closed system. It can be calculated as:

  ${\text{P}}_{\text{soln}}\text{=}{\chi }_{\text{solvent}}\text{×}{\text{P}}_{\text{solvent}}^{\text{0}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether a sodium chloride solution in water having mole fraction $\left({\chi }_{\text{NaCl}}\right)$ 0.01 will have the lowest total pressure at $\text{25°C}$ and the highest vapor pressure at

  $\text{25°C}$ assuming the vapor pressure of pure water is $\text{23}\text{.8 torr}$ .

Concept Introduction : Vapor pressure or an equilibrium vapor pressure of a substance is a pressure exerted by the vapors in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phase (like liquid or solid) at the given temperature in a closed system. It can be calculated as:

  ${\text{P}}_{\text{soln}}\text{=}{\chi }_{\text{solvent}}\text{×}{\text{P}}_{\text{solvent}}^{\text{0}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether a methanol solution in water having mole fraction $\left({\chi }_{{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{OH}}\right)$

  $0.02$ will have the lowest total pressure at $\text{25°C}$ and the highest vapor pressure at $\text{25°C}$ assuming the vapor pressure of pure methanol is $\text{143 torr}$ .

Concept Introduction: Vapor pressure or an equilibrium vapor pressure of a substance is a pressure exerted by the vapors in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phase (like liquid or solid) at the given temperature in a closed system. It can be calculated as:

  ${\text{P}}_{\text{soln}}\text{=}{\chi }_{\text{solvent}}\text{×}{\text{P}}_{\text{solvent}}^{\text{0}}$