
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The amount of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2. 2H2O, and NaC3H5O3 needed to prepare 100 mL lactated ringer’s solution needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Ringer’s solution is an isotonic solution to blood and it is used in intervenors injection.
The solution which have same osmolarity, same solute concentration, as another solution is known as isotonic solution.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Given information:
285 -315 mg Na+
14.1 -17.3 mg K+
4.9 − 6.0 mg Ca2+
368 − 408 mg Cl-
231 − 261 mg lactate, C3H5O3-
The range is given, first take the average of two values to calculate the approximate amount.
Or,
Or,
Also,
And,
Now, the amount of given compounds formed from calculated mass of ions can be calculated as follows:
Number of moles of
Thus, the number of moles of
Now, the mass of
The number of moles of KCl formed is 0.4 mmol.
The molar mass of KCl is 74.55 KCl thus, mass of KCl will be:
Similarly, the mass of
Here, the mass of sodium ion will be:
The mass of
The mass of NaCl formed from
The amount of
It can also be calculated from mass of KCl and NaCl as follows:
From KCl:
Similarly,
Now, the total mass of chloride ion will be:
(b)
Interpretation:
The range of the osmotic pressure of the solution at 370C should be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
Ringer’s solution is an isotonic solution to blood and it is used in intervenors injection.
The solution which have same osmolarity, same solute concentration, as another solution is known as isotonic solution.
(b)

Answer to Problem 132CP
Range of osmotic pressure = (4.38 − 6.55)
Explanation of Solution
The solution contains NaCl + KCl+ CaCl2 + NaC3H5O3
The dissociation reaction is shown below:
The total molarity will be sum of molarity of all the solutions.
For the initial range of the osmotic pressure, the total molarity should be calculated by taking the initial value of amount of ions from their given range.
The calculation of molarity is shown below:
The calculation of osmotic pressure is shown below:
Therefore, the minimum range of the osmotic pressure is 6.55 atm.
Now, for maximum range, take the final value of mass from the given ranges of masses of ions.
The calculation of molarity is shown below:
The calculation of osmotic pressure is shown below:
Range of osmotic pressure = (6.55-7.30 atm)
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