Chapter 17, Problem 12E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason for molarity to be temperature-dependent, whereas mass percent, mole fraction and molality are temperature-independent needs to be explained.

Concept introduction: Mass percentage is given as:

  $Masspercent=\frac{gramsofsolute}{gramsofsolution}\times 100$

Mole fraction is given as,

  $Molefractionofsolute=\frac{MolesofSolute}{\begin{array}{l}MolesofSolute+MolesofSolvent\\ =\frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}\end{array}}$

Molarity is given as:

  $M=\frac{n}{v}$

Here,

  $M$ = Molar concentration

  $n$ = moles of solute

  $v$ = liters of solution

Molality is given as:

  $molality(m)=\frac{numberofmolesofsolute(n)}{weightofthesolventinKg}$