Concept explainers
Videos
To analyze:
The correct term to describe the given sentence.
Introduction:
Taxonomic hierarchy denotes to the arrangement of categories in increasing or decreasing order. Kingdom is the highest rank and species is the lowest rank in the taxonomic hierarchy.
The word “Taxonomy” is derived from a Greek word “taxis”, meaning arrangement or division, and “nomos”, meaning method.
Taxonomy can be defined as thebranch of Biology that deals with the process of classifying different living species. A taxon is referred to as a group of organisms classified as a unit.
Answer to Problem 2A
The correct term to describe Taxon of closely related species that share recent common ancestor is “Genus”.
Explanation of Solution
In the taxonomic hierarchy, the biological classification of living beings is divided into 7 levels of taxonomy which are Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Kingdom: The taxon composed of related phyla or division is a kingdom. A kingdom is the highest level of classification, which is divided into subgroups at various levels. There are 5 kingdoms in which the living organisms are classified, namely, Animalia, Plantae,
Phylum: This is the next level of classification and is more specific than the kingdom. A phylum or division contains related classes.
Class: This was the most general rank in the taxonomic hierarchy till phyla were not familiarized. Kingdom Animalia includes 108 classes together with class Mammalia, reptilia, and aves. However, the classes used nowadays are different from those proposed by Linnaeus and are not used often.
Order: Order is a more specific rank than class. The order constitutes one or more than one similar family. There are around 26 orders in class Mammaliasuch as primates, carnivora.
Family: This category of taxonomic hierarchy includes various similar related genera that share a few similarities. For example, the families in the order Carnivora include Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae.
Genus: A group of similar species that share common ancestor forms a genus. Some genera have only one species and are known as monotypic, whereas, some have more than one species and is known as polytypic. For example, lion and tiger are placed under the genus Panthera.
Species: It is the lowest level of taxonomic hierarchy. There are about 8.7 million different species on earth. It refers to a group of organisms that are similar in shape, form, reproductive features and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Species can be further divided into sub-species.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology Illinois Edition (Glencoe Science)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
- Overview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…arrow_forwardBased on your results, which suspect's DNA best matches the DNA found at the crime scene?arrow_forwardIn oxidase test with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the cell cultures on the slide turn colorless to be purple after tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (TMPD) is added. In the reaction, OTMPD is electron acceptor O cytochrome c is the electron source oxygen is terminal electron acceptor OH2 produced is electron donorarrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have shipped your samples off for sequencing and are now waiting for the results. Out of curiosity (and maybe boredom...) you decide to test your culture for the Catalase and Oxidase enzymes. Upon testing your sample for catalase, you don't see any bubbles; however, you do see a color change to purple during the Oxidase test. What results can you conclude from this? O Catalase-/ Oxidase + O Catalase +/ Oxidase + Catalase + / Oxidase- O Catalase / Oxidase - O None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a strength of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? OA. It's cheap OB. It's easy to do C. It can be used to identify all the way down to the strain level OD. Both A & B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are molecular approaches important to the field of microbial taxonomy and phylogeny? Phylogenetic inferences based on molecular approaches provide the most robust analysis of microbial evolution currently available. It allows for the collection of a large and accurate dataset from many organisms Almost no fossil record was left by microbes when compared to plants and animals All of the above None of the abovearrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have already cultured it and gone through the plate isolation procedure. Before you ship your samples off for sequencing, you want to do one final check of the A260 ratios. You get back the following ratios: A260/280 ratio is 1.89; A260/230 is 2.01. These ratios are close enough to the accepted "pure" values so they could be considered "pure" and mostly (if not completely) free of contaminants from the PCR process. True Falsearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. After receiving your sequence back from the sequencing lab, you feel that you have, in fact, discovered and isolated a new species. You ask a fellow labmate about how you should proceed, and he tells you the following is the proper way to introduce a new species for recognition: Cultures have to be sent to international culture collections. Then a paper must be published describing the new organism and providing a genus and species name. You recall learning about this in your Microbiology course in college. Is this information from your colleague true or false? True Falsearrow_forwardis often a good indication of phylogenetic relatedness in phenotypes. Life-cycle patterns Cleavage patterns O Gene expression O Morphological similarityarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a weakness of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? It can only go down to the family and genus levels It takes months to complete O Both of the above O None of the abovearrow_forwardAn unrooted tree containing ten unrelated species can become rooted by adding a descendant group related to two of the species. an unrelated outgroup. O a distantly related outgroup. O a descendant related to only one of the species.arrow_forwardWhat is the most appropriate purpose of building a phylogenetic tree? They look awesome You can use a tree to compare morphological characteristics of organisms It can be used to establish and analyze evolutionary relationships between species All of the abovearrow_forward
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education