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Introduction:
Radiometric dating is used to measure the age of rock. It uses decay of radioactive isotopes to measure the age of rock. The method requires that the half- life of the isotope is known. The relative amounts of radioactive isotope and its decay product must also be known. When testing a rock sample, scientists calculate the ratio of parent isotope to the daughter isotope to determine the age of the sample.
Answer to Problem 4STP
Correct answer :
The correct answer is option D. Uranium-235 (704 million years)
Explanation of Solution
Explanation/justification for the correct answer:
Option D. Uranium-235 (704 million years) − This isotope can be used to determine the specific age of a Paleozoic rock formation. The geological time scale is divided into the Precambrian time and the Phanerozoic eon. The eras of Phanerozoic eon include the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic eras. The Paleozoic era began in about 542 million years ago and continued till about 250 million years ago. Since Uranium-235 has a half- life of 704 million years, it can be used to measure the age of rocks in Paleozoic era.
Hence this is the correct option.
Explanation for incorrect answer:
Option A. Beryllium- 10(1.5 million years) − The Paleozoic era began in about 542 million years ago and continued till about 250 million years ago. Since Beryllium- 10 has a half- life of only 1.5 million years, it cannot be used to measure the age of rocks in Paleozoic era as all the beryllium would have decayed. Hence this is not the correct option.
Option B. Carbon- 14 (5715 years) - Carbon -14 is used to date organic substances such as bones and tissues. Hence it cannot be used to determine age of rocks older than 60,000 years as carbon has a very short half- life. Hence this is not the correct option.
Option C. Thorium- 232 (14 billion years) − The Paleozoic era began in about 542 million years ago and continued till about 250 million years ago. Since Thorium- 232 has a half- life of only 14 billion years, it cannot be used to measure the age of rocks in Paleozoic era as thre would be hardly any decayed thorium present in the rocks. Hence this is not the correct option.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biology Illinois Edition (Glencoe Science)
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