Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 25ESP
Regulation of the lac operon in E. coli (see Chapter 16) and regulation of the GAL system in yeast are analogous in that they both serve to adapt cells to growth on different carbon sources. However, the transcriptional changes are accomplished very differently. Consider the conceptual similarities and differences as you address the following.
- (a) Compare and contrast the roles of the lac operon inducer in bacteria and Gal3p in eukaryotes in the regulation of their respective systems.
- (b) Compare and contrast the cis-regulatory elements of the lac operon and GAL gene system.
- (c) Compare and contrast how these two systems are negatively regulated such that they are downregulated in the presence of glucose.
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Predict the level of genetic activity of the lac operon as well as the status of the lac repressor and the CAP protein under the cellular conditions listed in the accompanying table. Lactose Glucose (a) - - (b) + - (c) - + (d) + +
The lactose operon in E. coli comprises two structural genes and three regulatory components.a.State the name of each structural gene and describe its function:
b.) State the name of each regulatory component and describe its function
In the:
Mutation of the regulatory region for a repressor protein in the lac operon.
Explain: (a) What is the process affected?
(b) What is the Effect on the process?
(c) Does it affect prokaryotes, eukaryotes or both?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
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Ch. 17 - A number of experiments have demonstrated that...Ch. 17 - Provide a brief description of two different types...Ch. 17 - Present an overview of the manner in which...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 17 - Explain how the addition of acetyl groups to...Ch. 17 - Distinguish between the cis-acting regulatory...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 17 - Describe the manner in which activators and...Ch. 17 - Compare the control of gene regulation in...Ch. 17 - Many promoter regions contain CAAT boxes...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 17 - Many transcriptional activators are proteins with...Ch. 17 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 17 - DNA supercoiling, which occurs when coiling...Ch. 17 - Prob. 21ESPCh. 17 - Prob. 22ESPCh. 17 - Because the degree of DNA methylation appears to...Ch. 17 - A particular type of anemia in humans, called...Ch. 17 - Regulation of the lac operon in E. coli (see...Ch. 17 - DNA methylation is commonly associated with a...Ch. 17 - During an examination of the genomic sequences...Ch. 17 - Prob. 28ESPCh. 17 - Although a single activator may bind many...Ch. 17 - Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a disorder...Ch. 17 - Transcription factors play key roles in the...
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- Supply the words “off" or “on" in the blanks below: In an inducible operon, transcription is normally and must be turned In a repressible operon, transcription is normally and must be turned Briefly describe the overall function of the structural genes in the lac operon. Briefly describe the overall function of the structural genes in the trp operon. For the following descriptions of the bacterial lac operon, determine if lactose is present (P) or absent (A). The repressor is bound to the operator. The repressor is inactive. RNA polymerase transcribes the structural genes. Allolactose is bound to the repressor For the following descriptions of the bacterial trp operon, determine if tryptophan levels are high (H) or low (L). The repressor is bound to the operator. The repressor is inactive. RNA polymerase transcribes the structural genes. Tryptophan is bound to the repressor.arrow_forwardThe lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. The new lac strain of Escherichia coli are as shown below: P+O+Z+Y+A+// P+O+Z+Y+A¯ (i) Illustrate how lactose induces the gene expression in lac 1 $// I-. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP and laco in the bacterial operon.arrow_forwardFor the following questions, describe the expression levels of the structural genes in the Trp operon under the conditions described. In the absence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the presence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the absence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the presence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the absence of tryptophan and the trpR repressor gene is mutated such that the…arrow_forward
- The lac genotypes are as shown below: P+OcZ-Y+A+// P¯O+Z+Y+A+ (i) The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA. Which structural genes are involved in lactose metabolism? Explain. (ii) Draw and explain how lactose repress the gene expression in lac IS/I- heterozygote. (iii) What is the function of the promoter in the bacterial operon?arrow_forwardThe lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. You are given a new strain of Escherichia coli with the following lac operon genotype: p+0°Z•Y*A +// P*O*Z*Y+ A- (i) Explain how the lac I gene affects gene expression. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP in the bacterial operon. (iii) Which part of the lac operon is cis-dominant? Explain.arrow_forwardMolecular biology, please explain in detailarrow_forward
- i onlyarrow_forwardConsider the lac operon of E. coli. Specifically, explain the following: a. Describe the overall chromosomal structure/organization of the operon, indicating the location and function of the regulatory regions and the structural genes. b. Is lac a catabolic or anabolic pathway? Explain. Is the operon inducible or repressible? Explain. c. Describe the mechanisms involved in negative control & positive controlarrow_forwardSuppose the tRNA synthetase responsible for attaching tryptophan to tRNA is muted in a bacterial strain with the result that the tRNA sythetase functions at twice the efficiency of the wild-type tRNA synthetase. Which of the following is most likely? a)the attenuation mechanism will not function normally and transcriptionof the trp operon will be less dependent upon intracellular tryptophan levels b)the attenuation mechanism will not function normally and transcriptionof the trp operon will be strongly dependent upon intracellular tryptophan levelsarrow_forward
- Imagine that a new strain of E. coli is discovered, and it contains the following novel genetic region including the lacI gene and the lac operon: *see image* Upstream of the promoter associated with the lac operon, there is a new operator element "Oν" (O-"nu"). This new operator has high sequence homology to O1, the DNA element that is bound with the highest affinity by the lac repressor. What would be the impact of this new genetic element regarding behavior of the operonin the absence (vs. the presence) of lactose and allolactose? Answer in terms of the protein levels of the lac repressor, as well as the proteins encoded by the genes lacZ/Y/A in the downstream region of the operon. Remember that proteins, once expressed/generated, will not persist forever, and that they have a natural lifetime (ending when they are degraded by the cell).arrow_forwardA number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. Consider each genotype below and complete the table using “+” to indicate that the gene is expressed, and “−” to indicate that gene is not expressed.arrow_forwardConsidering the Lac operon in E. coli, and chose what the expression of Lac Y would be in: I) E. coli WT (wild type, everything is functional) II) E. coli whose lacI gene has been deleted. Each of the two strains is growing in culture flasks that contain high glucose and high lactose. (choose among ‘high expression; low expression; no expression’)arrow_forward
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