Chapter 17, Problem 17.35UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of methyl formate, formamide and formic acid has to be drawn and hydrogen bonding formed between molecules of each kind has to be indicated using dashed lines.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom in the molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds have to be arranged in the increasing order of boiling point and the reason for the different boiling points has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom in the molecules.

The boiling points of aliphatic amines are higher than those of alkanes or halo alkanes of similar relative molecular mass due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The $\text{N-H}$ bond is more polar than the $\text{C-H}$ bond but less polar than $\text{O-H}$ bond.

Increasing order of boiling point of some organic compounds with similar molecular weight can be represented as follows,

$\text{Alkane}\text{<}\text{Ether}\text{<}\text{Alkyl}\text{halide}\text{<}\text{Amine}\text{<}\text{Ketone}\text{,}\text{aldehyde}\text{<}\text{Alcohol}\text{<}\text{Carboxylic}\text{acid}$