Chapter 17, Problem 17.49AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of fumaric acid which having systematic name $\text{trans-2-butanedioic}\text{acid}$ has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In chemistry structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{carboxylic}\text{acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones>}\text{alcolhols>thiols>}\text{amines}\text{>}\\ \text{ethers>alkenes>alkyl}\text{halides>alkanes}\end{array}$

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

The systematic name of the carboxylic acid derivatives is written by replacing the suffix name “–oic acid”.

Dicarboxylic Acid: Compounds having two $-COOH$ groups are called dicarboxylic acid. The $-COOH$ groups are on the terminal positions

The systematic name of the dicarboxylic acid derivatives is written by replacing the suffix name “–dioic acid”.

• Trans isomer: It is a type of geometrical isomer where in an alkene if the group having higher priority is attached in opposite side of the carbon atoms are known as trans isomer.