When a copper wire is exposed to air at room temperature, it becomes coated with a black oxide, CuO. If the wire is heated above a certain temperature, the black oxide is converted to a red oxide, Ct120. At a still higher temperature, the oxide coating disappears. Explain these observations in terms of the thermodynamics of the reactions 2 CuO ( s ) → Cu 2 O ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) Cu 2 O ( s ) → 2 Cu ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) and estimate the temperatures at which the changes occur.
When a copper wire is exposed to air at room temperature, it becomes coated with a black oxide, CuO. If the wire is heated above a certain temperature, the black oxide is converted to a red oxide, Ct120. At a still higher temperature, the oxide coating disappears. Explain these observations in terms of the thermodynamics of the reactions 2 CuO ( s ) → Cu 2 O ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) Cu 2 O ( s ) → 2 Cu ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) and estimate the temperatures at which the changes occur.
When a copper wire is exposed to air at room temperature, it becomes coated with a black oxide, CuO. If the wire is heated above a certain temperature, the black oxide is converted to a red oxide, Ct120. At a still higher temperature, the oxide coating disappears. Explain these observations in terms of the thermodynamics of the reactions
2
CuO
(
s
)
→
Cu
2
O
(
s
)
+
1
2
O
2
(
g
)
Cu
2
O
(
s
)
→
2
Cu
(
s
)
+
1
2
O
2
(
g
)
and estimate the temperatures at which the changes occur.
Science that deals with the amount of energy transferred from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.
146. Use the following data for NH3(g) at 273 K to determine B2p (T) at 273 K.
P (bar)
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
(Z -1)/10-4
1.519
3.038
4.557
6.071
7.583
9.002
0.70
10.551
110. Compare the pressures given by (a) the ideal gas law, (b) the van der Waals equation, and
(c) the Redlic-Kwong equation for propane at 400 K and p = 10.62 mol dm³. The van der
Waals parameters for propane are a = 9.3919 dm6 bar mol-2 and b = 0.090494 dm³ mol−1.
The Redlich-Kwong parameters are A = 183.02 dm bar mol-2 and B =
0.062723 dm³ mol-1. The experimental value is 400 bar.
Research in surface science is carried out using stainless steel ultra-high vacuum chambers with pressures as low as 10-12 torr. How many molecules are there in a 1.00 cm3 volume at this pressure and at a temperature of 300 K? For comparison, calculate the number of molecules in a 1.00 cm3 volume at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. In outer space the pressure is approximately 1.3 x 10-11 Pa and the temperature is approximately 2.7 K (determined using the blackbody radiation of the universe). How many molecules would you expect find in 1.00 cm3 of outer space?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual For Masterton/hurley's Chemistry: Principles And Reactions, 8th
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