Chapter 16, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The steps for acid and base catalyzed reactions involved in ${}^{18}\text{O}$ labeling of acetone by its reaction with ${}^{18}\text{O}$ labeled water are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of water with acetone can take place under acidic or basic conditions.

Water reacts with acetone to form gem diol, which, being unstable, dissociate to give back acetone.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

Acceleration of chemical reaction by addition of acid, without being consumed in the reaction is called acid catalyzed reaction.

Acceleration of chemical reaction by addition of base, without being consumed in the reaction is called base catalyzed reaction.