Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780357119303
Author: Bettelheim, Frederick A., Brown, William H., Campbell, Mary K., FARRELL, Shawn O., Torres, Omar
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 44P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
To determine the molecules (
Concept Introduction:
Hemiacetal or acetal is not very stable. It returns to aldehyde / Ketone when a hemiacetal or acetal undergoes hydrolysis in acid medium.
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16-120 How does the general molecular formula for an ester com-
pare to that for a carboxylic acid, when all carbon-carbon
bonds in both types of compounds are single bonds?
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.
It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+):
CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)
Part A
Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield?
Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
Part B
A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield?
Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
Part C
The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.
It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+):
CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)
Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield?
Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield?
Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 16.2 - Problem 17-1 Wrtie the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2QCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.3QCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.4QCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.5QCCh. 16.4 - Problem 17-6 Show the reaction of benzaldehyde...Ch. 16.4 - Problem 17-7 Identify all hemiacetals and acetals...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 16.8QCCh. 16 - 17-9 Answer true or false. (a) The one aldehyde...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2P
Ch. 16 - 17-11 What is the difference in structure between...Ch. 16 - 17-12 Is it possible for the carbon atom of a...Ch. 16 - 17-13 Which compounds contain carbonyl groups?Ch. 16 - 17-14 Following are structural formulas for two...Ch. 16 - 17-15 Draw structural formulas for the four...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8PCh. 16 - Prob. 9PCh. 16 - 17-18 Draw structural formulas for these ketones....Ch. 16 - 17-19 Write the JUPAC names for these compounds.Ch. 16 - Prob. 12PCh. 16 - 17-2 1 Explain why each name is incorrect. Write...Ch. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - Prob. 15PCh. 16 - 17-24 In each pair of compounds, select the one...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17PCh. 16 - 17-26 Account for the fact that acetone has a...Ch. 16 - 17-27 Pentane, 1-butanol, and butanal all have...Ch. 16 - 17-28 Show how acetaldehyde can form hydrogen...Ch. 16 - 17-29 Why can’t two molecules of acetone form a...Ch. 16 - 17-30 Answer true or false. (a) The reduction of...Ch. 16 - 17-3 1 Draw a structural formula for the principal...Ch. 16 - Prob. 24PCh. 16 - 17-33 What simple chemical test could you use to...Ch. 16 - 17-34 Explain why liquid aldehydes are often...Ch. 16 - 17-35 Suppose that you take a bottle of...Ch. 16 - 17-36 Explain why the reduction of an aldehyde...Ch. 16 - Prob. 29PCh. 16 - Prob. 30PCh. 16 - Prob. 31PCh. 16 - Prob. 32PCh. 16 - Prob. 33PCh. 16 - Prob. 34PCh. 16 - Prob. 35PCh. 16 - Prob. 36PCh. 16 - Prob. 37PCh. 16 - Prob. 38PCh. 16 - 17-47 What is the characteristic structural...Ch. 16 - Prob. 40PCh. 16 - Prob. 41PCh. 16 - Prob. 42PCh. 16 - Prob. 43PCh. 16 - Prob. 44PCh. 16 - Prob. 45PCh. 16 - 17-54 Following is the structure of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 47PCh. 16 - Prob. 48PCh. 16 - Prob. 49PCh. 16 - Prob. 50PCh. 16 - Prob. 51PCh. 16 - 17-60 1-Propanol can be prepared by the reduction...Ch. 16 - Prob. 53PCh. 16 - 17-62 Show how to bring about these conversions....Ch. 16 - Prob. 55PCh. 16 - Prob. 56PCh. 16 - Prob. 57PCh. 16 - Prob. 58PCh. 16 - 17-67 Draw structural formulas for these...Ch. 16 - Prob. 60PCh. 16 - 17-69 Propanal (bp 49°C) and 1-propanol (bp 97°C)...Ch. 16 - 17-70 What simple chemical test could you use to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 63PCh. 16 - Prob. 64PCh. 16 - Prob. 65PCh. 16 - 17-72 The following molecule is an enediol; each...Ch. 16 - 17-73 Alcohols can be prepared by the...Ch. 16 - 17-74 Glucose, C6H12O6, contains an aldehyde group...Ch. 16 - Prob. 69PCh. 16 - Prob. 70PCh. 16 - Prob. 71PCh. 16 - 17-78 Complete the following equation for these...Ch. 16 - 17-79 Write an equation for each conversion. (a)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 74P
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Similar questions
- 17-72 The following molecule is an enediol; each carbon of the double bond carries an —OH group. Draw structural formulas for the hydroxyketone and the a-hydroxyaldehyde with which this enediol is in equilibrium.arrow_forward17-70 What simple chemical test could you use to distinguish between the members of each pair of com pounds? Tell what you would do, what you would expect to observe, and how you would interpret your experimental observation. (a) Benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone (b) Acetaldehyde and acetonearrow_forward16-28 Following is the structural formula of metformin, the hydrochloride salt of which is marketed as the antidiabetic medication Glucophage. Metformin was introduced into clinical practice in the United States in 1995 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. More than 25 million prescriptions for this drug were written in 2000, making it the most commonly prescribed brand-name diabetes medication in the nation. NH NH H3(\ 3 N N Nh2ch3 h Metformin Complete the Lewis structure for metformin, showing all valence electrons. Which nitrogen is the most likely site of protonation? Draw the structural formula of Glucophage.arrow_forward
- 18-47 Methylparaben and propylparaben are used as preservatives in foods, beverages, and cosmetics. Show how each of these preservatives can be prepared from 4-aminobenzoic acid.arrow_forward17-67 Draw structural formulas for these compounds. (a) 1-Chloro-2-propanone (b) 3-Hydroxybutanal (c) 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (d) 3-Methyl-3-phenylbutanal (e) 1,3-Cyclohexanedione (f) 5-Hydroxyhexanalarrow_forward17-13 Which compounds contain carbonyl groups?arrow_forward
- 17-79 Write an equation for each conversion. (a) 1-Pentanol to pentanal (b) 1-Pentanol to pentanoic acid (c) 2-Pentanol to 2-pentanone (d) 2-Propanol to acetone (e) Cyclohexanol to cyclohexanonearrow_forward18-19 The following compounds have approximately the same molecular weight: hexanoic acid, heptanal, and 1-heptanol. Arrange them in order of increasing boiling point.arrow_forward16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa belladonna, contain the alkaloid atropine. The name “belladonna” (which means “beautiful lady”) probably comes from the fact that Roman women used extracts from this plant to make themselves more attractive. Atropine is widely used by ophthal mologists and optometrists to dilate the pupils for eye examination. Classify the amino group in atropine as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Locate all stereocenters in atropine. Account for the fact that atropine is almost insoluble in water (1 g in 455 mL of cold water) but atropine hydrogen sulfate is very soluble (1 g in 5 mL of cold water). Account for the fact that a dilute aqueous solution of atropine is basic (pH approximately 10.0).arrow_forward
- 17-18 Draw structural formulas for these ketones. (a) Ethyl isopropyl ketone (b) 2-Chiorocyclohexanone (c) 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone (d) Diisopropyl ketone (e) Acetone (f) 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanonearrow_forward18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are constitutional isomers, and both are liquids at room temperature. One of these compounds has a boiling point of 141°C; the other has a boiling point of 57°C. Which compound has which boiling point? Explain.arrow_forward18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of increasing acidity: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenol.arrow_forward
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