(a) Interpretation: The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated. Concept introduction: Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of F− is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous HCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing pH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of F− is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous HCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing pH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of F− is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous HCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing pH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of F− is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous HCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing pH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of F− is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous HCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing pH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of HF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of F− is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of F− is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaF is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous HCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous HCl is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 18

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid NaOH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing pH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing pH is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Answer 22

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Answer 23

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 24

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Answer 25

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 3CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 4CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 5CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 6CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 7CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 8CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 9CE Ch. 16 - Prob. 10CE

Solution Summary: The author explains that equilibrium shifts to the left on increasing concentration of hydrogen ion.

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