Campbell Biology: Custom Edition
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781323717271
Author: Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 2TYU
What is the basis for tlie difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?
(A) The origins of replication occur only at the 5' end.
(B) Helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end.
(C) DNA|Polymerase can join new
(D) DNA ligase works only in the 3' →5' direction.
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(a) What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?(b) What is the function of DNA polymerase?(c) What are replication forks? Compare and contrast leading and lagging strands.
Answer all please
(a) What will be the problem during DNA replication if the enzyme primase becomes non-functional?
(b) In which step of the central dogma is the genetic information of DNA copied into new DNA strands?
(c) Which of the following codons is a start codon: GCU, AUG or UGA?
(a) Eukaryotic DNA replication is more complex than prokaryotic replication. Give one reason why this should be so.
(b) Why might eukaryotic cells need more kinds of DNA polymerases than bacteria?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Custom Edition
Ch. 16.1 - Given a polynucleotide sequence such as GAATTC,...Ch. 16.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Griffith was trying to develop a...Ch. 16.2 - What role does complementary base pairing play in...Ch. 16.2 - Identify two major functions of DNA pol III in DNA...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 16.3 - Describe the structure of a nucleosome, the basic...Ch. 16.3 - What two properties, one structural and one...Ch. 16.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Interphase chromosomes appear to...Ch. 16 - What does it mean wheti we say that the two DNA...
Ch. 16 - DRAW IT Redraw the Punnett Square on The right...Ch. 16 - Describe the levels of chromatin packing you'd...Ch. 16 - In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and...Ch. 16 - What is the basis for tlie difference in how the...Ch. 16 - In analyzing the number of different bases in a...Ch. 16 - The elongation of the leading Strand during DNA...Ch. 16 - In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around (A)...Ch. 16 - E. coli cells grown on, 15N medium are transferred...Ch. 16 - A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a...Ch. 16 - The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine...Ch. 16 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Although the proteins that cause...Ch. 16 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some bacteria may be able to...Ch. 16 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Model building can be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYU
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- The following diagrams represent DNA molecules that are undergoing replication. Draw in the strands of newly synthesized DNA and identify (a) the polarity of the newly synthesized strands, (b) the leading and lagging strands, (c) Okazaki fragments, and (d) RNA primers.arrow_forwardThe elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis(A) progresses away from the replication fork.(B) occurs in the 3′ S 5′ direction.(C) produces Okazaki fragments.(D) depends on the action of DNA polymerasearrow_forwardThe statement “DNA replicates by a semiconservative mechanism” means that (a) only one DNA strand is copied (b) first one DNA strand is copied and then the other strand is copied (c) the two strands of a double helix have identical base sequences (d) some portions of a single DNA strand are old and other portions are newly synthesized (e) each double helix consists of one old and one newly synthesized strandarrow_forward
- Explain the complexities of DNA replication that make the process (a) bidirectional and (b) continuous in one strand and discontinuous in the other.arrow_forwardThe reaction in DNA replication catalyzed by DNA ligase isa) Addition of new nucleotides to the leading strandb) Addition of new nucleotide to the lagging strandc) Formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3’-OH of one Okazaki fragment and the 5’-phosphate of the next on the lagging strandd) Base pairing of the template and the newly formed DNA strandarrow_forwardConsider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’ 3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. The replisome is approaching to a chromosomal end on the left. Considering this left chromosomal end, if without telomerase, the newly synthesized daughter DNA of ___________ will be shortened? neither top or bottom strand both top and bottom strands the top strand the bottom strandarrow_forward
- The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine inDNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, oppositethymine. What combination of proteins could repair suchdamage?(A) nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase(B) telomerase, primase, DNA polymerase(C) telomerase, helicase, single-strand bindingprotein(D) DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylylcyclasearrow_forwardSpontaneous deamination of cytosine bases in DNA takes place at low but measurable frequency. Cytosine is converted into uracil by loss of its amino group. After this conversion, which base pair occupies this position in each of the daughter strands resulting from one round of replication? Two rounds of replication? (a) How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there? (Hint: There are 16 possible dinucleotides and 64 possible trinucleotides.) We can quantify the information- carrying capacity of nucleic acids in the following way. Each position can be one of four bases, corresponding to two bits of information (2² = 4). Thus, a chain of 5100 nucleotides corresponds to 2 × 5100 = 10,200 bits, or 1275 bytes (1 byte =8 bits). (b) How many bits of information are stored in an 8-mer DNA sequence? In the E. coli genome? In the human genome? (c) Compare each of these values with the amount of information that can be stored on a computer compact disc, or CD (about 700 megabytes).arrow_forward(1) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here? (2) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? (3) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA? (4) Which nucleic acid is probably depicted here? (5) What are these short DNA fragments usually called? (6) Which enzyme probably functions here to couple these two newly synthesized fragments of DNA? (7) Is this strand the leading or lagging strand? (8) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here?arrow_forward
- Describe the functions of the following proteins during DNA replication: (i) Polymerase epsilon (ii) Polymerase alpha (iii) Dna A (iv) Telomerasearrow_forwardWithout the action of DNA ligase, cells would not be ableto complete their replication. What is the function of DNAligase?(a) Unzips the DNA double helix(b) Stabilizes single-stranded DNA(c) Binds DNA sequences together to generate acontinuous strand(d) Proofreads the replication process(e) Creates an RNA copy of the DNAarrow_forwardThe following diagram represents a DNA molecule that is undergoing replication. Draw in the strands of newly synthesized DNA and identify (a) the polarity of the newly synthesized strands, (b) the leading and lagging strands, (c) Okazaki fragments, and (d) RNA primers.arrow_forward
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