Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 16, Problem 25E
Do you think that nuclear fusion takes place in the atmospheres of stars? Why or why not?
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Two blocks, A and B (with mass 45 kg and 120 kg, respectively), are connected by a string, as shown in the figure below. The pulley is frictionless and of negligible mass. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block A and the incline is μk = 0.26. Determine the change in the kinetic
energy of block A as it moves from to ①, a distance of 15 m up the incline (and block B drops downward a distance of 15 m) if the system starts from rest.
]
37°
A
©
B
A skateboarder with his board can be modeled as a particle of mass 80.0 kg, located at his center of mass. As shown in the figure below, the skateboarder starts from rest in a crouching position at one lip of a half-pipe (point). On his descent, the skateboarder moves without friction so
that his center of mass moves through one quarter of a circle of radius 6.20 m.
i
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m/s
(b) Immediately after passing point Ⓑ, he stands up and raises his arms, lifting his center of mass and essentially "pumping" energy into the system. Next, the skateboarder glides upward with his center of mass moving in a quarter circle of radius 5.71 m, reaching point D. As he
passes through point ①, the speed of the skateboarder is 5.37 m/s. How much chemical potential energy in the body of the skateboarder was converted to mechanical energy when he stood up at point Ⓑ?
]
(c) How high above point ① does he rise?
m
A 31.0-kg child on a 3.00-m-long swing is released from rest when the ropes of the swing make an angle of 29.0° with the vertical.
(a) Neglecting friction, find the child's speed at the lowest position.
m/s
(b) If the actual speed of the child at the lowest position is 2.40 m/s, what is the mechanical energy lost due to friction?
]
Chapter 16 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 16 - How do we know the age of the Sun?Ch. 16 - Explain how we know that the Sun’s energy is not...Ch. 16 - What is the ultimate source of energy that makes...Ch. 16 - What are the formulas for the three steps in the...Ch. 16 - How is a neutrino different from a neutron? List...Ch. 16 - Describe in your own words what is meant by the...Ch. 16 - Two astronomy students travel to South Dakota. One...Ch. 16 - What do measurements of the number of neutrinos...Ch. 16 - Do neutrinos have mass? Describe how the answer to...Ch. 16 - Neutrinos produced in the core of the Sun carry...
Ch. 16 - What conditions are required before proton-proton...Ch. 16 - Describe the two main ways that energy travels...Ch. 16 - Someone suggests that astronomers build a special...Ch. 16 - Earth contains radioactive elements whose decay...Ch. 16 - The Sun is much larger and more massive than...Ch. 16 - A friend who has not had the benefit of an...Ch. 16 - Which of the following transformations is (are)...Ch. 16 - Why is a higher temperature required to fuse...Ch. 16 - Earth’s atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium....Ch. 16 - Explain what it means when we say that Earth’s...Ch. 16 - What mechanism transfers heat away from the...Ch. 16 - Suppose you are standing a few feet away from a...Ch. 16 - Give some everyday examples of the transport of...Ch. 16 - Suppose the proton-proton cycle in the Sun were to...Ch. 16 - Do you think that nuclear fusion takes place in...Ch. 16 - Why is fission not an important energy source in...Ch. 16 - Why do you suppose so great a fraction of the...Ch. 16 - Explain how mathematical computer models allow us...Ch. 16 - Estimate the amount of mass that is converted to...Ch. 16 - How much energy is released when a proton combines...Ch. 16 - The Sun converts 4109 kg of mass to energy every...Ch. 16 - Assume that the mass of the Sun is 75% hydrogen...Ch. 16 - In fact, the conversion of mass to energy in the...Ch. 16 - Now suppose that all of the hydrogen atoms in the...Ch. 16 - Models of the Sun indicate that only about 10% of...Ch. 16 - Show that the statement in the text is correct:...Ch. 16 - Every second, the Sun converts 4 million tons of...Ch. 16 - Raymond Davis Jr.’s neutrino detector contained...
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