
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Concentration
Concept Introduction:
Consider ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium constant for ionization of weak acid is called ionization constant
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The ionization of lactic acid is as follows:
The expression for
Through chemical equation it is evident that one
Rearrange equation (1) for
Substitute
Solve this equation for
Hence,
(b)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The ionization of lactic acid is as follows:
The expression for
Through chemical equation it is evident that one
Rearrange equation (1) for
Substitute
Solve this equation for
Hence,
Substitute
Hence,
(c)
Interpretation:
Percent ionization of solution of
Concept Introduction:
Consider a weak acid
Percent ionization for a weak acid is defined as the ratio of concentration of
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The ionization of lactic acid is as follows:
The expression for
Through chemical equation it is evident that one
Rearrange equation (1) for
Substitute
Solve this equation for
Hence,
The percent ionization of
Hence, percent ionization of
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Chapter 16 Solutions
FOUND.OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY
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