Chapter 16, Problem 177AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The $\text{pH}$ of rain water due to its pollutant is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

$\text{pH}$ is expressed as the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale, in which, $\text{pH}$ equals to 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic or alkaline.

$\text{pH}=-\log \left[H^{+}\right]$

Equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of concentration of products and the concentration of reactants, which are in equilibrium, and its value is constant at a particular temperature. It denoted by K.

$\text{Equilibrium constant, }{K}_c=\frac{{\left[\text{C}\right]}^{\text{c}}{}_{\text{eqm}}{\left[\text{D}\right]}^{\text{d}}{}_{\text{eqm}}}{{\left[\text{A}\right]}^{\text{a}}{}_{\text{eqm}}{\left[\text{B}\right]}^{\text{b}}{}_{\text{eqm}}}$

Here, $K_C$ is the equilibrium constant and $C$ in $K_C$ stands for the concentration. $\left[\text{A}\right]$, $\left[\text{B}\right]$, $\left[\text{C}\right]$, and $\left[\text{D}\right]$ are the equilibrium concentration of reactants A and B and product C and D, respectively.

A and B are reactants, C and D are products, and $a,b,c$, and $d$ are their respective stoichiometric coefficients.