Concept explainers
The treatment of isoprene
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Organic Chemistry
- Reaction of p-cresol with two equivalents of 2-methylprop-1-ene affords BHT, a preservative with molecular formula C15H24O. BHT gives the following 1H NMR spectral data: 1.4 (singlet, 18 H), 2.27 (singlet, 3 H), 5.0 (singlet, 1 H), and 7.0 (singlet, 2 H) ppm. What is the structure of BHT? Draw a stepwise mechanism illustrating how it is formed.arrow_forwardAnethole, C10H12O, a major constituent of the oil of anise, has the 1H NMR spectrum shown. On oxidation with Na2Cr2O7, anethole yields p-methoxybenzoic acid. What is the structure of anethole? Assign all peaks in the NMR spectrum, and account for the observed splitting patterns.arrow_forwardCembrene, C20H32, is a diterpenoid hydrocarbon isolated from pine resin. Cembrene has a UV absorption at 245 nm, but dihydrocembrene (C20H34), the product of hydrogenation with 1 equivalent of H2, has no UV absorption. On exhaustive hydrogenation, 4 equivalents of H2 react, and octahydrocembrene, C20H40, is produced. On ozonolysis of cembrene, followed by treatment of the ozonide with zinc, four carbonylcontaining products are obtained: Propose a structure for cembrene that is consistent with its formation from geranylgeranyl diphosphate.arrow_forward
- Show how the synthetic scheme developed in Problem 23.67 can be modified to synthesize this triiodobenzoic acid X-ray contrast agent.arrow_forwardA step in a synthesis of PGE1 (prostaglandin E1, alprostadil) is the reaction of a trisubstituted cyclohexene with bromine to form a bromolactone. Propose a mechanism for formation of this bromolactone and account for the observed stereochemistry of each substituent on the cyclohexane ring. Alprostadil is used as a temporary therapy for infants born with congenital heart defects that restrict pulmonary blood flow. It brings about dilation of the ductus arteriosus, which in turn increases blood flow in the lungs and blood oxygenation.arrow_forwardAcid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the following epoxide gives a trans diol. Of the two possible trans diols, only one is formed. How do you account for this stereoselectivity?arrow_forward
- Show the products from reaction of p-bromoaniline with the following reagents: (a) CH3I (excess) (b) HCl (c) HNO2, H2SO4 (d) CH3COCl (e) CH3MgBr (f) CH3CH2Cl, AlCl3 (g) Product of (c) with CuCl, HCl (h) Product of (d) with CH3CH2Cl, AlCl3arrow_forwardThe formation of Br2 from NBS first involves the reaction of NBS with HBr to form an iminol intermediate and molecular bromine. The intermediate then undergoes acid-catalyzed tautomerism to form succinimide, the byproduct of the reaction. Propose a curved-arrow mechanism for the conversion of NBS into succinimide that also accounts for the formation of Br2.arrow_forward21.95 A student carries out the following sequence of reactions. The IR and 1°C NMR spectra are shown for the product C. Draw structures for A-C. (Remember that the 13C NMR signal at 77 ppm is due to the CDCI3 solvent.) NaOC(CH)3 A (CH3)3COH 1. NaOEt, EtOH 1. NaOH, H,O C В 2. H,0º, A EtO OEt 2. Br(CH,),Br 100 90 80 70 60 – 50 40 - 30 20 C 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 Wavenumbers (cm-1) Chemical shift (ppm) % Transmittancearrow_forward
- 1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene, C8H8, is an unusual hydrocarbon in that it reacts with exactly 2 equivalents of potassium to give A, C8H8K2, which can be isolated as a white solid. A exhibits a single proton NMR signal. Draw the structure of A.arrow_forwardX6-156. Arrange the following substituted anilines in increasing order of reactivity toward acetic anhydride: sllo NH2 ร้อเป็น NH2 NH2 edi NH2 O₂N. (a) (b) ---- (c) (d) bund NO2 CI H3C-N-CH3 Insmiy X 6-157. Suggest a mechanism for the preparation of acetic anhydride from acetic acid and acetyl chloride in the presence pyridine (an amine base).arrow_forwardPROPOSE A MECHANISM FOR THE REACTION OF PYRIDINE WITH H2SO4 AND HNO3. ACCOUNT FOR THE REGIOSELECTIVITY OF THE REACTION.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning