The expression for the pH of a strong acid solution by taking into account the contribution of water is to be derived. Also, the pH of the solution for the given concentration of strong acid is to be determined. Concept introduction: pH is the measure of acidity of a solution, which depends on the concentration of hydronium ions and the temperature of the solution. The formula to calculate the pH of the solution from the concentration of hydronium ions is as follows: pH = − log [ H 3 O + ] …… (1) The auto-ionization of water is as follows: 2H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O + + OH - The above equation can be formulated as follows: K W = [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1.0 × 10 − 14 …… (2) The ionization of a strong acid takes place as: HA → H + + A − The concentration of H + is equal to the concentration of the acid ionized and the concentration of the conjugate base, A − . The pH of the solution as: pH = − log ( [ A − ] ± [ A − ] 2 + 4 K w 2 )
The expression for the pH of a strong acid solution by taking into account the contribution of water is to be derived. Also, the pH of the solution for the given concentration of strong acid is to be determined. Concept introduction: pH is the measure of acidity of a solution, which depends on the concentration of hydronium ions and the temperature of the solution. The formula to calculate the pH of the solution from the concentration of hydronium ions is as follows: pH = − log [ H 3 O + ] …… (1) The auto-ionization of water is as follows: 2H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O + + OH - The above equation can be formulated as follows: K W = [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1.0 × 10 − 14 …… (2) The ionization of a strong acid takes place as: HA → H + + A − The concentration of H + is equal to the concentration of the acid ionized and the concentration of the conjugate base, A − . The pH of the solution as: pH = − log ( [ A − ] ± [ A − ] 2 + 4 K w 2 )
Solution Summary: The author explains the formula to calculate the pH of a strong acid solution by taking into account the contribution of water.
The expression for the pH of a strong acid solution by taking into account the contribution of water is to be derived. Also, the pH of the solution for the given concentration of strong acid is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
pH is the measure of acidity of a solution, which depends on the concentration of hydronium ions and the temperature of the solution.
The formula to calculate the pH of the solution from the concentration of hydronium ions is as follows:
pH=−log[H3O+] …… (1)
The auto-ionization of water is as follows:
2H2O⇌H3O++OH-
The above equation can be formulated as follows:
KW=[H3O+][OH-]=1.0×10−14 …… (2)
The ionization of a strong acid takes place as:
HA→H++A−
The concentration of H+ is equal to the concentration of the acid ionized and the concentration of the conjugate base, A−.
A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more reactants missing from the left-hand side, but there
are no products missing from the right-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from
the arrow.
• Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area.
. If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing reactants to the left-hand side, and adding required catalysts,
inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow.
• You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown.
+
T
X
O
O
лет-ле
HO
OH
HO
OH
This transformation can't be done in one step.
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Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell