Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15.4, Problem 12LO
Describe how genome-wide association studies have led to new understandings about the structure and function of the genome.
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1b) In 1995, the first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria. In the following year, the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be fully sequenced. The complete sequencing of the human genome and related organisms represent one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of mankind. Write an essay on the importance of genome studies in general.
In 1995, the first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria. In the following year, the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be fully sequenced. The complete sequencing of the human genome and related organisms represent one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of mankind.Elaborate on the importance of genome studies in general.
describe some of the key findings from the Human Genome Project so that you can picture in a general fashion how these 3 billion nucleotides are organized.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.1 - Explain how gel electrophoresis is used to...Ch. 15.1 - Describe how PCR is used to amplify a specific...Ch. 15.1 - Compare the possible differences between a...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.1 - Different forms of a protein are produced in the...Ch. 15.1 - What advantages does the PCR method have over gene...Ch. 15.2 - Describe the features of a typical CRISPR locus in...Ch. 15.2 - Explain the function of CRISPR in bacterial cells.Ch. 15.2 - Compare CRISPR-based endonucleases with...
Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 8LOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 15.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 15.3 - Discuss how qPCR, DNA microarrays (DNA chips), and...Ch. 15.3 - Explain how you would compare the expression of a...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.4 - Describe how genome-wide association studies have...Ch. 15.4 - Explain how targeted gene silencing and knockout...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.5 - Describe at least one important application of DNA...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.5 - What are short tandem repeats (STRs), and why are...Ch. 15.5 - Why do gene targeting and mutagenesis screening in...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 15LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 16LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.7 - Describe at least two safety issue associated with...Ch. 15.7 - What are some of the environment concerns...Ch. 15 - A plasmid (a) can be used as a DNA vector (b) is a...Ch. 15 - DNA molecules with complementary sticky ends...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 15 - Which technique rapidly replicated specific DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 15 - A cDNA clone contains (a) introns (b) exons (c)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 15 - Gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acids on the...Ch. 15 - A CRISPR locus in a bacterium contains (a) short...Ch. 15 - DNA molecular with complementary sticky ends...Ch. 15 - These highly polymorphic molecular markers are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 15 - EVOLUTION LINK DNA technology, such as the...Ch. 15 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY What are some...
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- a) Explain the difference between a genome and a transcriptome. Do all cells in an organism have the same genomes and or transcriptomes? b) Explain a method you could use to compare transcriptomes, and what you can learn from comparing transcriptomes.arrow_forwardThe Human Genome Project resulted in the identification of 20,000 genes that code for proteins in humans. On average, each gene can code for 4 different proteins. Which of the following processes explains how a single gene could code for more than one protein? A) the central dogma of molecular biology B) mutations C) alternative splicing D) redundancy in the genetic code E) the fact that there are three stop codonsarrow_forwardAfter sequencing a new genome for the first time, functional protein-coding genes are initially identified by: BLAST searches that look for viral integration in the host genome Bioinformatic searches that reveal consensus sequences in expressed genes Aligning expressed exons sequenced from cDNA using transcriptomics B and C A and B Many regions of non-coding eukaryotic DNA previously thought to be "junk" are now known to contain sequence elements important to regulating gene expression. What approach can be used to identify important non-coding regulatory regions when annotating a newly sequenced genome? comparing cDNA to genomic DNA to validate that the gene is expressed identifying restriction enzyme recognition sequences in the genome phylogenetic footprinting to identify conserved non-coding sequences searching for start/stop codons and splice recognition sites that predict where a gene might be located…arrow_forward
- Consider a genome whose length is 1000 bp. "Shotgun" sequencing techniques are applied to the genome, resulting in 20 reads, with an average length of 50 bp. A very important point is that, even though 20×50 = 1000, there is no guarantee that ALL 1000 bp of the genome are represented in the fragments. Calculate the coverage. What does this value mean? Why would it be a good idea to have a coverage greater than 1?arrow_forwardFor each of the following scenarios describing gene annotation, choose the answer that best fits A researcher searches a database of sequence motifs for matches to parts of a gene's sequence. A researcher searches for a genomic region that includes particular characteristics that include the following: a CpG island near a promoter, a TATA box and 5 and 3' splice sites. A researcher identifies genes based on known expression. Choose ab initio annotation in a eukaryotic genome ab initio annotation in a prokaryotic genome homology-based annotation ab initio annotation to investigate a gene's functionarrow_forwardExplain the Part of a human genomic DNA library?arrow_forward
- Explain the comparison between Complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries and genomic libraries ?arrow_forwardEukaryotic cells contain O a) 5 nuclear RNA polymerases b) 3 nuclear RNA polymerases O c) 6 nuclear RNA polymerases O d) none of these is true that transcribe distinct classes of genes.arrow_forwardwhy are the human genome project and ENCODE important and how do they relate to the future of medicine?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE regarding reading frame? a) An open reading frame can have many stop codons within the coding exons (CDS's). O b) There are three possible reading frames on the + DNA strand and three on the DNA strand. O c) A gene can have one exon with a +2 reading frame and another exon with a -3 reading frame. O d) Both A and B are true.arrow_forwardHow would one recognize a gap in the genome sequence following nucleotide sequencing?arrow_forwardExplain why the overlap between individual DNA sequences is required to reconstruct the sequence of a genome.arrow_forward
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