Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 15.2, Problem 7AYP
Summary Introduction
To draw:
A diagram that illustrates how lymphocytes are able to respond to an antigen.
Concept introduction:
Lymphocytes are one of the WBC (white blood cells) types which are immune system’s part. T and B cells are both the types of lymphocytes which are involved to trigger the immune response. These both cells are formed in the bone marrow, but the maturation of the T cells occurs in the thymus.
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Draw a diagram showing how lymphocytes are capable of responding to nearly any epitope imaginable.
Describe positive and negative selection of lymphocytes.
Describe two differences between B and T lymphocytes.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 15.1 - Describe how the third line of defense is...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 15.1 - Discuss four major functions of immune system...Ch. 15.1 - Define the role of the major histocompatibility...Ch. 15.1 - Compare and contrast the process of antigen...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 15.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 15.2 - Outline the processes of clonal selection and...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 15.3 - Compare the terms antigen and epitope.
Ch. 15.3 - List characteristics of antigens that optimize...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 15.3 - List the types of cells that can act as...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 15.4 - Diagram the steps of B-cell activation, and list...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 15.5 - Explain the role of cytotoxic T cells in...Ch. 15.6 - Diagram an antibody binding antigen, and list the...Ch. 15.6 - List the five types of antibodies and important...Ch. 15.6 - Draw and label a graph illustrating the...Ch. 15.7 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 15.7 - Discuss the qualities of an effective vaccine.Ch. 15.7 - List several types of vaccines, and discuss how...Ch. 15.7 - Explain the principle of herd immunity and the...Ch. 15 - The primary B-cell receptor is a. IgD. b. IgA. c....Ch. 15 - In humans. B cells mature in the _________, and T...Ch. 15 - Small, simple molecules are ________ antigens. a....Ch. 15 - The cross-linkage of antigens by antibodies is...Ch. 15 - T cells assist in the functions of certain B cells...Ch. 15 - TC cells are important in controlling a. virus...Ch. 15 - Which of the following can serve as...Ch. 15 - A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is called...Ch. 15 - Conjugated vaccines combine antigens and a....Ch. 15 - Widespread immunity that protects the population...Ch. 15 - Cell surface markers are also often called...Ch. 15 - Antibodies are secreted by monocytes.Ch. 15 - Vaccination could be described as artificial...Ch. 15 - IgE antibodies are found in body secretions.Ch. 15 - Prob. 15TFCh. 15 - Explain the two main features that characterize...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 15 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 15 - Provide an explanation to refute the following...Ch. 15 - a. Explain how the anamnestic response is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1VCCh. 15 - Using the words that follow, please create a...
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- Distinguish between a. neutrophil and macrophage b. cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell c. effector cell and memory cell d. antigen and antibodyarrow_forwardDiagram an IgG molecule and label (a) the Fc region and (b) the areas that combine with antigen.arrow_forwardDescribe how plasma cells attack antigens and how they can destroy an invading foreign cell. Compare this mechanism with that by which cytotoxic T lymphocytes destroy a target cell.arrow_forward
- Name two kinds of lymphocytes involved in specific immunity.arrow_forwardFor each of the following situations, indicate which type(s) of lymphocyte(s), if any, would be expected to proliferate rapidly in lymph nodes and where in the nodes they would do so. Nomal mouse with a viral infection (a) (b) (c) Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with a protein antigen Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with the thymus-independent antigen bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which does not require the aid of THcells to activate B cells.arrow_forwardExplain how two major types of lymphocytes are formed and activated, and how they function in immune mechanisms.arrow_forward
- Trace the origin and development of T lymphocytes and of Blymphocytes.arrow_forwardIn our body , there occurs a major problem called chronic deletion if self- lymphocytes are not eliminated from our body before birth. Please explain in details about Chronic deletion and how does it occur.arrow_forwardExplain antigen-antibody interactions. Using the following diagram, interpret the two types of antibody responses, primary and secondary, to presentation of a specific antigen. In your answer you should refer to the structure and function of the IgM and IgG antibodies. You may use a diagram(s) as part of your explanation. Interpret antigen/antibody interactions with references in Harvard stylearrow_forward
- In general, what sorts of pathogens might be able to more successfully attack a patient with an inability to synthesize B lymphocytes?arrow_forwardIf the thymus of an adult experimental animal is removed, the following observations can be made: (a) No immediate effect occurs, and (b) after 1 year, decreases occur in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, the ability to reject grafts, and the ability to produce antibodies. Explain these observations.arrow_forwardIf you have had mumps or chickenpox before, you aren't going to get those illnesses again in the future. That is because of the specific immunity provided by lymphocytes in the lymphatic system. Briefly describe how specific immunity works. Your answer should include a description of what antigens are and the role that they play as well as the roles played by the different types of lymphocytes. Also, explain why you would have lifelong immunity to certain diseases after you have had them before or have received vaccinations against them.arrow_forward
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