Concept explainers
Todetermine:
The principle behind the use of IRA-B cells as a treatment for hospitalized patients to prevent them from septic conditions.
Concept introduction:
Sepsis occurs due to an infection and leads to cause drastic changes in the patient’s body. This disease can be dangerous and life-threatening. When the chemicals which fight infection through inflammatory reactions are secreted into the blood, leads to sepsis conditions.
The condition of severe sepsis arises when the infection affects the other body organs such as the brain, kidneys,and heart. Severe septic shock is a dangerous condition in which a significant drop in blood pressure is experienced by the patient. This can lead to respiratory or heart failure, stroke or failure of other organs and would lead to death.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 15 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
- Describe an immunodeficiency that a person could have that would cause the immune system to select the incorrect immune response to Mycobacterium leprae.What gene would be mutated and how would this alter the immune response to this pathogen?arrow_forwardSome photographers develop a sensitivity to certain film developing chemicals leading to severe rashes on their hands such that they are unable to work with them. Explain what could be the immunological explanation of this observationarrow_forwardPatients who have recently had a bone marrow transplant are extremely susceptible to infection. Why would this be so?arrow_forward
- The influenza virus produces a protein that degrades interferon. How does this increase its virulence?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a way that an antibody can destroy a bacterial cell? a. Agglutination b. Lysis via complement fixation c. Lysis via opsonization d. Direct lysisarrow_forwardA few years ago, Ebola was all over the news and it looks like it may return. A treatment method developed during the last outbreak involved patients who have recovered and then donated plasma to patients fighting an active infection. It is a remarkable treatment, with potential ethical dilemmas. Now, many people are attempting to turn to convalescent plasma treatments in lieu of vaccinations. There are articles on both Ebola and COVID-10 convalescent plasma use. Read the articles below, feel free to do more research on your own on the topic. Using the information in the lesson, the articles, and your own research, answer the following questions: 1) What are the potential ethical issues for donors, recipients, and medical providers? 2) What rules and stipulations should be applied to it's use, given that there is a limited supply for use in treatment? 3) Would you use this treatment for yourself or a loved one? Assigned Reading: Katz, L.M. (2021). (A little) clarity on…arrow_forward
- Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more: A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins) D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)arrow_forwardGiven what we know about HIV, describe the impact of this virus on humoral and cellular immunity. [hint - HIV targets CD4 cells; how will this impact an immune response]arrow_forwardYou have a patient who has been injured by a rusty nail. As a precaution, you vaccinate her against tetanus. In response to the vaccine, how does her body produce antibodies against C. tetani and prevent future illness due to tetanus? A)B cells that produce an appropriate antibody undergo genomic rearrangement in order to produce other cells that secrete the same antibody. B)Every cell in her immune system produces antibodies against C. tetani. C)B cells with an appropriate antibody are stimulated to divide, producing plasma cells that make antibodies to C. tetani, and memory cells that "remember" C. tetani. D)Every B cell in her body produces antibodies against C. tetani.arrow_forward
- with HIV, explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you explain about the process? What is the significance of the CD4+ count? ( Discuss the meaning of various ranges of CD4 counts.) List 5 opportunistic infections AND describe data to suggest whether or not a patient has such an infection.arrow_forwardAs a research scientist working on MS detail the possible strategic directions you could take to produce and purify large quantities of the human interferon β-1b. choose which strategy you think the team should take and why.arrow_forward“T-lymphocytes are the most important arm of the immune response in protecting the community against virus infection.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain your reasoningarrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning