(a)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular interactions that operate in HCN are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.
Answer to Problem 40E
The intermolecular interactions that operate in HCN are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.
Explanation of Solution
In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
The structure of HCN is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
There is electronegativity difference in the molecule. This gives polarity to the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is dipole-dipole interaction along with the induced dipole interaction.
The intermolecular interactions that operate in HCN are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.
(b)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular interactions that operate in CO2 are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.
Answer to Problem 40E
The intermolecular interactions that operate in CO2 are induced dipole interactions.
Explanation of Solution
In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
The structure of CO2 is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
The electronegative atom oxygen O is present in the molecule. The molecule is linear and the dipole moment for this arrangement is zero. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is induced dipole interaction.
The intermolecular interactions that operate in CO2 are induced dipole interactions.
(c)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular interactions that operate in PH3 are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.
Answer to Problem 40E
The intermolecular interactions that operate in PH3 are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.
Explanation of Solution
In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
The structure of PH3 is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
There is electronegativity difference in the molecule. This gives polarity to the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is dipole-dipole interaction along with the induced dipole interaction.
The intermolecular interactions that operate in PH3 are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.
(d)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular interactions that operate in CHCl3 are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.
Answer to Problem 40E
The intermolecular interactions that operate in CHCl3 are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.
Explanation of Solution
In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
The structure of CHCl3 is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
The molecule has electronegative atoms Cl. This gives polarity to the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is dipole-dipole interaction along with the induced dipole interaction.
The intermolecular interactions that operate in CHCl3 are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.
(e)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular interactions that operate in BF3 are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.
Answer to Problem 40E
The intermolecular interactions that operate in BF3 are induced dipole interactions.
Explanation of Solution
In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
The structure of BF3 is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5
The molecule has electronegative atom F. The arrangement of molecule is trigonal planar. In this arrangement the dipole moment is zero for the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is induced dipole interaction.
The intermolecular interactions that operate in BF3 are induced dipole interactions.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
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