Chapter 15, Problem 40E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in $\text{HCN}$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 40E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in $\text{HCN}$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of $\text{HCN}$ is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

There is electronegativity difference in the molecule. This gives polarity to the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is dipole-dipole interaction along with the induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in $\text{HCN}$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CO}}_2$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 40E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CO}}_2$ are induced dipole interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{CO}}_2$ is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

The electronegative atom oxygen $\text{O}$ is present in the molecule. The molecule is linear and the dipole moment for this arrangement is zero. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CO}}_2$ are induced dipole interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 40E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

There is electronegativity difference in the molecule. This gives polarity to the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is dipole-dipole interaction along with the induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CHCl}}_3$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 40E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CHCl}}_3$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{CHCl}}_3$ is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4

The molecule has electronegative atoms $\text{Cl}$. This gives polarity to the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is dipole-dipole interaction along with the induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CHCl}}_3$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{BF}}_{\text{3}}$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 40E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{BF}}_{\text{3}}$ are induced dipole interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{BF}}_{\text{3}}$ is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5

The molecule has electronegative atom $\text{F}$. The arrangement of molecule is trigonal planar. In this arrangement the dipole moment is zero for the molecule. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{BF}}_{\text{3}}$ are induced dipole interactions.