Chapter 15, Problem 39E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{OH}$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 39E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{OH}$ are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the dominant one of all three interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{OH}$ is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

The molecule has electronegative atom $\text{O}$. This gives polarity to the molecule. Also, it is already linked to the hydrogen atom. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is hydrogen bonding along with the induced dipole and dipole-dipole interactions.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{OH}$ are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the dominant one of all three interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6\text{O}$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 39E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6\text{O}$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6\text{O}$ is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

The molecule has electronegative atom $\text{O}$. This gives polarity to the molecule. This molecule can form bond with other molecule through the dipole interactions. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is dipole-dipole interaction along with the induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6\text{O}$ are induced dipole interactions and dipole-dipole interactions. Dipole-dipole interaction is the dominant one of the two interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8{\text{O}}_3$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 39E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8{\text{O}}_3$ are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the dominant one of all three interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8{\text{O}}_3$ is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

The molecule has electronegative atom $\text{O}$. This gives polarity to the molecule. Also, all the oxygen atoms are already linked to the hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is hydrogen bonding along with the induced dipole and dipole-dipole interactions.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8{\text{O}}_3$ are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the dominant one of all three interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{NH}}_2$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 39E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{NH}}_2$ are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the dominant one of all three interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{NH}}_2$ is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4

The molecule has electronegative atom $\text{N}$. This gives polarity to the molecule. Also, the nitrogen atom is already linked to the hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is hydrogen bonding along with the induced dipole and dipole-dipole interactions.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{NH}}_2$ are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the dominant one of all three interactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6$ are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of interactions through which the molecules are stabilized. They are hydrogen-bonding interactions, the dipole-dipole interactions and the induced dipole interactions. These interactions influence the properties of the compounds like boiling point, melting point and so on.

Answer to Problem 39E

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6$ are induced dipole interactions.

Explanation of Solution

In all molecular substances, the intermolecular interactions exist. These interactions are induced dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

The structure of ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6$ is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5

The molecule does not have any has electronegative atom. This means the polarity is not present in the molecule. This molecule can form bond with other molecule through the induced dipole interactions. Therefore, the dominant intermolecular interaction in this molecule is induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion

The intermolecular interactions that operate in ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6$ are induced dipole interactions.