Concept explainers
Enhancers can occur almost anywhere in DNA and affect the transcription of a gene. Let’s suppose you have a gene cloned on a piece of DNA, and the DNA fragment is
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Genetics: Analysis and Principles
- In cancerous cells, telomeres are substantially longer then telomeres found in non-cancerous cells. As a result a number of scientists who study cancer treatment have become interested in telomerase. Why might telomerase be a good target for anticancer therapies? How might anticancer therapies targeting telomerase work (no need to design an experiment, just brainstorm how the therapy might impact telomeres of cancer cells)?arrow_forwardOne can synthesize RNA from any gene in a test tube (in vitro). You want to synthesize mRNA from a prokaryotic gene in a test tube. You added the gene, which contains its promoter, coding region, and rho-dependent transcription termination site, in a test tube. Which of the following do you need to add to this test tube so that you can synthesize RNA from this gene and terminate transcription accurately? 1) RNA polymerase core enzyme, 2) RNA polymerase holoenzyme,3) RNA polymerase II, 4) ATP, CTP, GTP, and TTP mixture 5) ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP mixture, 6) dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dUTP mixture 7) Rho factor, 8) primer. 3,4,7 1,6,7 2.5.7 2,4,6 2,5,7,8arrow_forwardThe Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase enzymes produced by Retrotransposons sometimes mistakenly act on cellular mRNAs and generate a DNA intermediate that becomes integrated into the genome (which can lead to formation of new pseudogenes). Would you predict that a newly transposed element produced from an mRNA will generally be transcribed after its integration? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- You are interested in a eukaryotic protein involved in immunity, and you are attempting to express this protein in E. coli in order to produce large amounts of the protein. You take your DNA construct and place it into E. coli. You measure protein expression and notice that no protein is being made. Provide 1 reason why you don't see protein as it relates to transcription and how this problem could be resolved.arrow_forwardSuppose we take tissue samples from the kidney and the liver of a healthy individual. If we compare the genetic sequences in these tissues, what do we expect to see? If we compare the transcription products of these cells, what do we expect to see? Justify your answers.arrow_forwardYou want to clone the Human Gene A into a plasmid for producing the Protein A in bacteria. GeneA encodes an mRNA of 100 nucleotides long, but the entire gene spans more than 4000 nucleotides. There are three exons and two introns. If we were to clone this gene directly from the nuclear DNA, bacteria would not be able to express the insulin protein. Explain why this is true.arrow_forward
- Expression of recombinant proteins in yeast is an important tool for biotechnology companies that produce new drugs for human use. In an attempt to get a new gene X expressed in yeast, a researcher has integrated gene X into the yeast genome near a telomere. Will this strategy result in good expression of gene X? Why or why not? please try to explain a bit elaborately.arrow_forwardHow do you think that transcription randomizes positions of nucleosomes and repression restores the ordering after transcription? How might you test to see if there was an exchange of histone subunits during transcription or if the nucleosome is truly transferred as a single unit? Would you expect the DNA band representing the distance from the restriction enzyme site to the hypersensitive site to be a single band or a smear? Defend your answer.arrow_forwardConsider the microarray in Figure 20.12. If a sample from normal tissue is labeled with a green fluorescent dye and a sample from cancerous tissue is labeled red, what color spots would represent genes you would be interested in if you were studying cancer? Explain.arrow_forward
- From gene expression studies on cancer, you discovered a hypothetical gene called ABCG2 that is overexpressed in human cancer cells. You want to know if this gene is required for cancer cells to survive, but from your efforts at making a traditional gene knock out, you have found that it is required for embryonic development and can't get to the point of doing a cancer experiment. a. How can you redesign the knockout to get past embryonic lethality? b. How would you then use this mouse line to test if ABCG2 is needed for cancer survival?arrow_forwardA molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood clotting protein. He knows that the nucleotides sequence of a small part of the gene is GTGGACTGACA. briefly explain how to obtain the desired genearrow_forwardTranscription is thus the final stage of gene expression involves interactions between three types of RNA molecules (mRNA templates, tRNAs, and rRNAs). Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a premature aging disease that begins in adolescence or early adulthood and results in the appearance of old age by 30-40 years of age. In the lagging strand, the enzyme X removes RNA primers attached by Primase and this gap is then filled in by DNA Polymerase I. The enzyme X is topoisomerase. The ribosomes of prokaryotes are usually found in the rough ER and cytoplasm. Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement is falsearrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning