Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 14RA
Which of these statements about class-2 MHC molecules is false?
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Which of the following statements regarding CD1 is correct?
a. CD1 binding grooves are very similar to those of MHC class I molecules.
b. Lipid antigens of CD1 bind with high affinity and are rarely exchanged.
c. CD1 comprises three MHC class I-like heavy chains known as CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, each belonging to a different functional group.
d. CD1 molecules form heterodimers with β2-microglobulin.
e. When a CD1d molecule presents sulfatide to a γ:δ T cell, all three CDR loops of both the γ and δ chains must be engaged to activate the T cell.
f. CD1 genes are located in the HLA complex on chromosome 6.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. CLIP binds to MHC class I molecule.
B. Peptides in the ER lumen usually bind to the MHC class II peptide-binding groove.
C. The invariant chain can bind to the MHC class II peptide-binding groove.
D. The acidic pH trigger proteasomes to digest proteins inside endosomes.
E. Calnexin, calreticulin, and tapasin associate with MHC class II molecules.
Dendritic cells take up, process or present antigen by all of the following routes except
Select one:
a. receptor-mediated endocytosis of bacteria.
b.
macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses.
c. uptake of viruses using Toll-like receptor TLR9.
d.
cross-presentation from the MHC class II pathway to the MHC class I pathway.
Oe. cross-presentation from incoming infected dendritic cells to healthy resident dendritic cells in secondary
lymphoid tissue.
Of. delivery of viral peptides from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum during viral infection.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 15 - List the phagocytic cells found in blood and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 3CPCh. 15 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 5CPCh. 15 - Prob. 6aCP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 15 - Define the term histocompatibility antigens and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8dCPCh. 15 - Prob. 9CPCh. 15 - Prob. 10aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 11CPCh. 15 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 15 - Which of these offers a nonspecific defense...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2RACh. 15 - Prob. 3RACh. 15 - Prob. 4RACh. 15 - Prob. 5RACh. 15 - Prob. 6RACh. 15 - Prob. 7RACh. 15 - Mast cell secretion during an immediate...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9RACh. 15 - Which of these cell types aids the activation of T...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11RACh. 15 - Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by...Ch. 15 - Active immunity may be produced by...Ch. 15 - Which of these statements about class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15RACh. 15 - Prob. 16RACh. 15 - Prob. 17RACh. 15 - Which of these statements about gamma interferon...Ch. 15 - Explain how antibodies help to destroy invading...Ch. 15 - Identify the different types of interferons and...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between the class-I and class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RACh. 15 - Prob. 23RACh. 15 - Describe how plasma cells attack antigens and how...Ch. 15 - Explain how tolerance to self-antigens may be...Ch. 15 - Use the clonal selection theory to explain how...Ch. 15 - Prob. 27RACh. 15 - Distinguish between immediate and delayed...Ch. 15 - Describe regulatory T lymphocytes and their...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RACh. 15 - The specific T lymphocyte immune response is...Ch. 15 - Lizards are cold-blooded; their body temperature...Ch. 15 - Why are antibodies composed of different chains,...Ch. 15 - As a scientist trying to cure allergy, you are...Ch. 15 - The part of the placenta that invades the mother's...Ch. 15 - Describe the antigen-dependent and...Ch. 15 - People with peanut allergies could go into...Ch. 15 - Identify some immunologically privileged sites in...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41RACh. 15 - Prob. 42RA
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells? a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated. b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection. c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4. d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen. e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are TRUE of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules? a. Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens. b. Class I MHC molecules are only present on erythrocyte surfaces. c. Class I MHC molecules bind complement. d. Class I MHC molecules present exogenous antigens.arrow_forwardA number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go undetected by cytotoxic T cell degradation by what possible mechanism? a. the production of normal class I MHC molecule b. helper T cell activation c. the deactivation of the complement system d. tumor antigen expression e. the production of the class II major histocompatability (MHC) moledulearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding CD4 is incorrect? a. MHC class II molecules present antigens to CD4 T cells. b. CD4 is the receptor used for HIV entry into CD4 T cells. c. CD4 is made up of two separate membrane-bound chains. d. Late in the progression of an HIV infection, the number of CD4 T cells in the circulation diminishes. e. CD4 is referred to as a T-cell co-receptor.arrow_forwardIn regard to antigen presentation, MHC class I molecules usually present peptides derived from _____, whereas MHC class II molecules usually present peptides derived from _____. a. intracellular cytosolic sources; vesicular system b. phagolysosome; proteasomes c. MIIC; self proteins d. CLIP; HLA-DM e. endocytic vesicles; endoplasmic reticulum.arrow_forwardAntibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is... Select one: a. Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction. b. Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens. c. Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen. d. None of these. e. Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.arrow_forward
- Write of the following statements is correct? A. Antigen fragments that bind to MHC class I molecules are typically in endosomes. B. TAP1 and TAP2 are present on the plasma membrane of APCs. C. Proteasomes process antigens within the endoplasmic reticulum. D. Newly synthesized MHC class I molecules can be found within endosomes. E. Newly synthesized MHC class I α chains assemble in the ER with calnexin.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Which statement is true about T cells? a. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells b. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2. c. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines. d. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.arrow_forwardThe activation of a CD8-positive T lymphocyte requires presentation of antigen in association with which of the following? Class I MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-2 by CD4 T lymphocytes. b. Class I MHC protein and synthesis of gamma-interferon by macrophages. с. Class II MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-1 by macrophages. d. Class II MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-4 by CD4 T lymphocytes. a.arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following statements regarding peptide–MHC molecule interactions are correct. (Select all that apply.) a. Peptides with different amino acid sequences may be able to bind to the same type of MHC molecule. b. Covalent bonds hold the peptide in the groove of the MHC molecule. c. The length of peptides bound by MHC class I molecules is shorter than that of those bound by MHC class II molecules. d. The groove of the MHC molecule is deep enough to accommodate two or more peptides. e. Binding pockets of MHC molecules anchor the side chains of only certain amino acids of the peptide. f. The amino- and carboxy-terminal amino acids of peptides are used for binding to MHC class I molecules, whereas amino acids along the length of the peptide are used for binding to MHC class II molecules. g. Only non-self peptides form stable interactions with MHC molecules. h. The type of MHC molecule presenting a non-self protein is informative regarding whether the…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. b. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. c. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. d. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.arrow_forward
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