Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781118516461
Author: Neil D. Jespersen, Alison Hyslop
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 15, Problem 12RQ
Strengths of Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
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Fill in the left side of this equilibrium constant equation for the reaction of hypochlorous acid (HC1O) with water.
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Two chemical reactions are listed. In one of them, the phosphorus-containing anion on the left is a Brønsted acid, and in the other reaction, the phosphorus-containing anion on the left is a Brønsted base.
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О н,РО, (аq) + CH;CO, (аq) — НРО,* (аq) + CH;CO2H(aq)
НРО * (аq) + HСО; (аq) — Н,РО, (аq) + СОз* (аq)
Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Ch. 15 - Which of the following are conjugate acid-base...Ch. 15 - Write the formula of the conjugate base for each...Ch. 15 - Sodium cyanide solution, when poured into excess...Ch. 15 - One kind of baking powder contains sodium...Ch. 15 - Which of the following are amphoteric and which...Ch. 15 - The anion of sodium monohydrogen phosphate,...Ch. 15 -
Given that is a stronger acid than what is the...Ch. 15 - Given that HClO is a weaker acid than determine...Ch. 15 - Order the following groups of acids from the...Ch. 15 - Using only the periodic cable, choose the stronger...
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11PECh. 15 - Explain why one acid is weaker than the other in...Ch. 15 - In each pair, explain why one is a stronger acid...Ch. 15 - In each pair, explain why one is a weaker acid...Ch. 15 - How would you expect the acidities of the...Ch. 15 - List these acids in terms of increasing acidity:...Ch. 15 - Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each...Ch. 15 - Is the fluoride ion more likely to behave as a...Ch. 15 - Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases How is a...Ch. 15 - Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases How are the formulas...Ch. 15 - Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Is H2SO4 the...Ch. 15 - Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases What is meant by the...Ch. 15 - Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Define the term...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
15.6...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
15.7...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases The...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Acetic...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Nitric...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases HCIO4...Ch. 15 - Strengths of Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Formic...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Explain...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids What are...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Within...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Explain...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Within...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Explain...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Astatine,...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids
15.21...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids
15.22...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Which of...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strength of Acids Which of...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases Define Lewis acid and Lewis...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases In terms of atomic orbitals,...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases
15.27 Explain why the...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases Methylamine has the formula...Ch. 15 - Use Lewis structures to show the Lewis acid-base...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases
15.30 Explain why the oxide...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases The molecule SbF5 is able to...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases In the reaction of calcium...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Prob. 35RQCh. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Prob. 40RQCh. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of the Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Prob. 43RQCh. 15 - Advanced Ceramics and Acid-Base Chemistry What is...Ch. 15 - Advanced Ceramics and Acid-Base Chemistry What is...Ch. 15 - Advanced Ceramics and Acid-Base Chemistry
15.46...Ch. 15 - Advanced Ceramics and Acid-Base Chemistry How does...Ch. 15 - Advanced Ceramics and Acid-Base Chemistry
15.48...Ch. 15 - Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
15.49 Write the...Ch. 15 - Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
15.50 Write the...Ch. 15 - Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
15.51 Write the...Ch. 15 - Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Write the formula...Ch. 15 - Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
15.53 Identify the...Ch. 15 - Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
15.54 Identify the...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strengths of Acids Choose...Ch. 15 - Periodic Trends in the Strengths of Acids Choose...Ch. 15 - Choose the stronger acid and give your reason:...Ch. 15 - Choose the stronger acid and give your reason:...Ch. 15 - Choose the stronger acid:...Ch. 15 - Choose the stronger acid:...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases Use Lewis symbols co diagram...Ch. 15 - Lewis Acids and Bases Use Lewis symbols to diagram...Ch. 15 - *15.63 Beryllium chloride, , exists in the solid...Ch. 15 - Aluminum chloride, AlCl3, forms molecules with...Ch. 15 - Use Lewis structures to diagram the reaction...Ch. 15 - Use Lewis structures to diagram the reaction...Ch. 15 - Use Lewis structures to show how the following...Ch. 15 - *15.68 Use Lewis structures to show how the...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of Elements and Their...Ch. 15 - Acid-Base Properties of Elements and Their Oxides...Ch. 15 - Prob. 71RQCh. 15 - Prob. 72RQCh. 15 - What is the formula of the conjugate acid of...Ch. 15 - *15.74 Using liquid ammonia as a solvent, sodium...Ch. 15 - In liquid SO2asasolvent,SOCl2reactswithNa2SO3 in a...Ch. 15 - *15.76 The following space-filling model depicts...Ch. 15 - Which of the following compounds is the stronger...Ch. 15 - Which of the two molecules below is the stronger...Ch. 15 - 15.79 Write equations that illustrate the...Ch. 15 - Hydrogen peroxide is a stronger Brnsted-Lowry acid...Ch. 15 - Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is basic. Aluminum...Ch. 15 - Hydrazine, N2H4, is a weaker Brnsted-Lowry base...Ch. 15 - Identify the two Brnsted-Lowry acids and two bases...Ch. 15 - In the reaction in the preceding exercise, the...Ch. 15 - How would you expect the degree of ionization of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 86RQCh. 15 - A mixture is prepared containing 0.10 M of each of...Ch. 15 - 15.88 Are all Arrhenius acids Brønsted-Lowry...Ch. 15 - How could you determine whether HBr is a stronger...Ch. 15 - 15.90 Alcohols are organic compounds that have an...Ch. 15 - Acid rain, acid mine runoff, and acid leaching of...Ch. 15 - 15.92 Using just Figure 7.30, find the five most...
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- Write chemical equations that show the indicated behavior in aqueous solution for each of the following chemical species. a. HOCl behaves as a BrnstedLowry acid b. NH3 behaves as a BrnstedLowry base c. H2PO4 behaves as a BrnstedLowry acid d. CO32 behaves as a BrnstedLowry basearrow_forwardMost naturally occurring acids are weak acids. Lactic acid is one example. CH3CH(OH)CO2H(s)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+CH3CH(OH)CO2(aq) If you place some lactic acid in water, it will ionize to a small extent, and an equilibrium will be established. Suggest some experiments to prow that this is a weak acid and that the establishment of equilibrium is a reversible process.arrow_forwardWrite chemical equations showing the individual proton-transfer steps that occur in aqueous solution for each of the following acids. a. H2C2O4 (oxalic acid) b. H2C4H4O6 (tartaric acid)arrow_forward
- For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forwardStudents are often surprised to learn that organic acids, such as acetic acid, contain OH groups. Actually, all oxyacids contain hydroxyl groups. Sulfuric acid, usually written as H2SO4, has the structural formula SO2(OH)2, where S is the central atom. Identify the acids whose structural formulas are shown below. Why do they behave as acids, while NaOH and KOH are bases? a. SO(OH)2 b. ClO2(OH) c. HPO(OH)2arrow_forwardTwo strategies are also followed when solving for the pH of a base in water. What is the strategy for calculating the pH of a strong base in water? List the strong bases mentioned in the text that should be committed to memory. Why is calculating the pH of Ca(OH)2 solutions a little more difficult than calculating the pH of NaOH solutions? Most bases are weak bases. The presence of what element most commonly results in basic properties for an organic compound? What is present on this element in compounds that allows it to accept a proton? Table 13-3 and Appendix 5 of the text list Kb values for some weak bases. What strategy is used to solve for the pH of a weak base in water? What assumptions are made when solving for the pH of weak base solutions? If the 5% rule fails, how do you calculate the pH of a weak base in water?arrow_forward
- Which of the diagrams in Problem 10-135 represents the substance that is the weakest electrolyte?arrow_forwardFollow the directions of Question 19 for the following acids: (a) hypochlorous acid (b) formic acid, HCHO2 (c) acetic acid, HC2H3O2 (d) hydrobromic acid (e) sulfurous acidarrow_forwardClassify each of the following acids as monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. a. HClO3 (chloric acid) b. HC3H5O4 (glyceric acid) c. H3C6H5O7 (citric acid) d. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)arrow_forward
- Table 13-4 lists the stepwise Ka values for some polyprotic acids. What is the difference between a monoprotic acid, a diprotic acid, and a triprotic acid? Most polyprotic acids are weak acids; the major exception is H2SO4. To solve for the pH of a solution of H2SO4, you must generally solve a strong acid problem as well as a weak acid problem. Explain. Write out the reactions that refer to Ka1 and Ka2 for H2SO4. For H3PO4, Ka1 = 7.5 103, Ka2 = 6.2 108, and Ka3= 4.8 1013. Write out the reactions that refer to the Ka1, Ka2and Ka3equilibrium constants. What are the three acids in a solution of H3PO4? Which acid is strongest? What are the three conjugate bases in a solution of H3PO4? Which conjugate base is strongest? Summarize the strategy for calculating the pH of a polyprotic acid in water.arrow_forwardWrite chemical equations showing the individual proton-transfer steps that occur in aqueous solution for each of the following acids. a. H2CO3 (carbonic acid) b. H2C3H2O4 (malonic acid)arrow_forward8:35 : Question 22 of 23 Submit Which one of the following correctly shows the weak acid equilibrium for trichloroacetic acid, CCl,COOH? A) CCl,COOH (aq) = CCl;CO* (aq) + OH- (aq) В) Cli,COOH (аq) + H,0 (I) — СCl,COOH, (aд) + ОН- (аф) C) CCl,COOH (aq) + H20 (1) = CCI,COO- (aq) + H30* (aq) D) CCl;COOH (aq) + H2O (I) CCl,CO(OH), (aq) + H* (aq) Tap here or pull up for additional resourcesarrow_forward
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