Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The type of crystalline solid of sulfur needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: A crystalline solid is characterized by regular arrangement of its components. There are many types of crystalline solids such as ionic solids, molecular solids, covalent network solids, and metallic solids.
(a)
Answer to Problem 5RQ
Sulfur is a molecular solids.
Explanation of Solution
In a molecular solid the fundamental particle is a molecule which is held by intermolecular forces like dipole-dipole or London dispersion force or hydrogen bonding. Sulfur (contains S8 molecules) are held together by only London dispersion force because it is a non-polar molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: The type of crystalline solid of dry ice needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: A crystalline solid is characterized by regular arrangement of its components. There are many types of crystalline solids such as ionic solids, molecular solids, covalent network solids, and metallic solids.
(b)
Answer to Problem 5RQ
Dry ice (solid CO2 ) is a molecular solids.
Explanation of Solution
In a molecular solid the fundamental particle is a molecule which is held by intermolecular forces like dipole-dipole or London dispersion force or hydrogen bonding. In CO2 the dipole of C−O acts in opposite direction and hence they cancel each other. Despite CO2 has polar bond, it is a non-polar molecule having London dispersion force as a prime intermolecular force.
(c)
Interpretation: The type of crystalline solid of potassium nitrate ( KNO3 ) needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: A crystalline solid is characterized by regular arrangement of its components. There are many types of crystalline solids such as ionic solids, molecular solids, covalent network solids, and metallic solids.
(c)
Answer to Problem 5RQ
Potassium nitrate ( KNO3 ) is an ionic solid.
Explanation of Solution
Ionic solids are held together by the strong forces that exist between oppositely charged ions. KNO3 consists of positively charged K+ and negatively charged NO−3 held together by strong electrostatic or coulombic force of attraction.
(d)
Interpretation: The type of crystalline solid of gold needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: A crystalline solid is characterized by regular arrangement of its components. There are many types of crystalline solids such as ionic solids, molecular solids, covalent network solids, and metallic solids.
(d)
Answer to Problem 5RQ
Gold ( Au ) is a metallic solid.
Explanation of Solution
Metallic solids can be defined as a solid consisting of metal atoms that stick together by strong metallic bonds. In gold, metal cations ( Au+ ) are surrounded by a "sea" of mobile valence electrons which can freely move in entire crystal lattice and are not localized.
Chapter 14 Solutions
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
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