
Interpretation: Implications of the fact that water expands on freezing has to be discussed.
Concept introduction: The measure of mass per unit volume of a substance is called as density. Density is given by the formula,
The density of solids is higher than liquids and gases because the molecules in solids are tightly/closely packed.

Answer to Problem 13A
The expansion of water upon freezing is important for aquatic life.
The expansion of water on freezing also causes pipes to burst and contribute to potholes in the road.
Explanation of Solution
In the process of freezing, water molecules lose energy and do not vibrate. This leads to formation of more stable hydrogen bonds between molecules, as there is less amount of energy of break the bond. Thus, water expands on freezing.
The volume of water expands when it freezes. It could otherwise be said as one gram of ice at
The lower density of ice than density of liquid water makes it float on the surface of liquid water. Because, the ice expands on freezing, it occupies more space than water and serves as an insulation layer, which helps to prevent lakes and rivers from freezing solid in the winter. This signifies that aquatic life continues to have water in liquid state throughout the winter.
The expansion of water upon freezing is important for aquatic life.
The expansion of water on freezing also causes pipes to burst and contribute to potholes in the road.
Chapter 14 Solutions
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
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