Chapter 14, Problem 6STP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Is iron an example of an atomic solid or not must be explained.

Concept introduction:

Iron is a chemical element with $\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}$ as a symbol and it is derived from Latin, which it is called as ferrum with the atomic number $26$ .

Answer to Problem 6STP

Iron is an example of an atomic solid.

Explanation of Solution

The iron has an atomic number $26$ and the element symbol is $\text{Fe}$ . It is a metal belongs to the first transition series and group $8$ of the periodic table.

Iron is a solid mostly found in the earth’s crust. It is the main element required for the survival of human beings as it is present in the blood.

Iron is an example of atomic solid as it has definite shape and definite volume. All the particles are tightly packed, so it is not compressible. Iron is solid at room temperature as its melting point is ${1538}^{\mathrm{o}}$ while the room temperature is only $20-{25}^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$ . Hence it exists in solid form.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Is water an example of an atomic solid or not must be explained.

Concept introduction:

The definition of an atomic solid is one in which atoms of an element are bonded to other atoms of the same atom type.

Water is known as "universal solvent". It dissolves many substances.

Answer to Problem 6STP

Water is not an example of an atomic solid.

Explanation of Solution

A water molecule consists of three atoms, an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, which are bonded together. Generally, it is written as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ .

Water is one of the most important substances on earth. It is important for life as it plays a crucial role.

Pure water is a colourless, tasteless substance that at 1atm pressure it freezes to form a solid at $0^{\text{o}}\text{C}$ and it vaporizes completely at ${100}^{\text{o}}\text{C}$ . This means that the liquid range of water occurs between the temperatures $0^{\text{o}}\text{C}$ and ${100}^{\text{o}}\text{C}$ .

Hence water is not an atomic solid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Is argon an example of an atomic solid or not must be explained.

Concept introduction:

Argon is an inert, colourless, and odourless element; it is one of the noble gas. It is represented with the symbol Ar and atomic number $18$ .

Answer to Problem 6STP

Argon is an example of an atomic solid.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of Argon is $18$ , it is a atomic solid. The lattice points are Ar atoms held together by Vander Waal’s forces of attraction. In solid argon, it’s melting, and boiling points are very weak.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Is graphite an example of an atomic solid or not must be explained.

Concept introduction:

Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a hexagonal structure. It is the most stable form of carbon; at high temperatures and pressures it converts to diamond.

Answer to Problem 6STP

Graphite is an example of an atomic solid.

Explanation of Solution

Graphite is an atomic solid. In graphite, the carbon atoms are connected by covalent bonds. Strong covalent carbon atoms in two dimensional planes are compiled to form a three- dimensional solid. Only the London dispersion forces hold the layers together. As a result, graphite exhibits the properties of atomic solids.