Chapter 14, Problem 61QAP

Each symbol in the box below represents a mole of a component in one liter of a buffer solution; represents the anion (X^-), = the weak acid (HX), = H⁺, and $\Delta ={\text{OH}}^{-}$. Water molecules and the few H⁺ and OH^- ions from the dissociation of HX and X^- are not shown. The box contains 10 mol of a weak acid, , in a liter of solution. Show what happens upon

(a) the addition of 2 mol of OH^- (2 Δ).

(b) the addition of 5 mol of OH^- (5 Δ).

(c) the addition of 10 mol of OH^- (10 Δ).

(d) the addition of 12 mol of OH^- (12 Δ).

Which addition (a)-(d) represents neutralization halfway to the equivalence point?