Concept explainers
a.
To predict:
The possible outcome of Griffith’s experiment using the heat-killed pathogenic and heat killed nonpathogenic bacteria.
Introduction:
The transformation of the genetic material in bacteria was experimentally found out by the person named F. G. He was trying to make the vaccine that could cure pneumonia, which is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia. There exist two different strains of this bacterium. One of the forms of the bacteria is known as the S (smooth) form. This strain of the bacteria is virulent and forms smooth colonies in the culture. The other form is the mutant form or the R (rough) form. This strain was non-virulent and forms a rough colony in the culture.
b.
To determine:
The possible outcome of Griffith’s experiment using the heat-killed pathogenic and live nonpathogenic in the presence of an enzyme that digests proteins (protease).
Introduction:
The transformation of the genetic material in bacteria was experimentally found out by the person named F. G. He was trying to make the vaccine that could cure pneumonia, which is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia. There exist two different strains of this bacterium. One of the forms of the bacteria is known as the S (smooth) form. This strain of the bacteria is virulent and forms smooth colonies in the culture. The other form is the mutant form or the R (rough) form. This strain was non-virulent and forms a rough colony in the culture.
c.
To determine:
The possible outcome of Griffith’s experiment using the heat-killed pathogenic and live nonpathogenic in the presence of an enzyme that digests DNA (endonuclease).
Introduction:
The transformation of the genetic material in bacteria was experimentally found out by the person named F. G. He was trying to make the vaccine that could cure pneumonia, which is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia. There exist two different strains of this bacterium. One of the forms of the bacteria is known as the S (smooth) form. This strain of the bacteria is virulent and forms smooth colonies in the culture. The other form is the mutant form or the R (rough) form. This strain was non-virulent and forms a rough colony in the culture.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
1 SEM CARDLESS ACC W/RAVEN TEXT
- In the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media? Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d e All RNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All Protein was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All DNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All RNA was degraded and no Transformation occurred indicating RNA is the molecule of Transformation inheritance None of the above are truearrow_forwardYou made your material in the lab and wish to test for biocompatibility in vitro with a direct contact test. Describe your experimental procedure, include your experimental protocol, any controls you would include, and expected results if the material is biocompatible.arrow_forwardMatch the following experimental methods with their specialty procedures and objectives. autoradiography use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fractional centrifugation use of genetic mutants A. silencing genes means inhibition of the expression of a protein B. fluorescing GFP protein is fused with a protein tracked in the cell C. biochemical processes are visualized using radiolabeled materials D. tissue samples homogenized at varying centrifugal force leads to isolation of desired cellular fractionarrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. anti nucleoside b. HGPRT c. Lesch–Nyhan syndrome d. purine salvage e. goutarrow_forwardYou have isolated a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (not a MRSA strain) from an infected surgical site on your patient. If for genetic reasons, your patient is allergic to all antibiotics except beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin ( they can only take Beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin), which strategy below could you use to treat this Staphylococcus aureus infection in your patient? Note different answers compared to previous question. give the patient erythromycin can use a beta-lactamse resistant beta-lactam such as methicillin or oxacillin O give the patient penicillin give the patient an azole drugarrow_forwardIn general, protein detection methods are based on: a. fluorescence b. column affinity c. enzyme-substrate reaction d. antigen-antibody reactionarrow_forward
- the following are the steps, listed in random order, for utilizing koch's postulates. what should be the second step out of the four listed? a. a microorganism is found to be present in every case of a disease. b. the same microbe discovered previously is isolated from the purposely infected host c. the pathogen is isolated and grown in pure culture d. the same disease results after isolated organism is inoculated into healthy hostarrow_forwardThe following pictures show the results of a Disk Diffusion Assay for different types of bacteria. For each bacteria, what antibiotic would you recommend be used on the patient? Explain your choice.arrow_forwardExplain how PCR/OLA (polymerase chain reaction/oligonucleotide ligation assay) can be used in the diagnosis of sickle cell disorder . Would you recommend this method for routine diagnosis of sickle cell disorder? Explainarrow_forward
- An elderly man with influenza acquires a case of pneumonia. Gram-positive cocci isolated from his sputum give beta-hemolysis on blood agar. The infection is very difficult to treat. Later, it is shown that the man shared the room with a patient with bone infection. Isolates from both infections were the same. a. Describe 2 biochemical tests that can be used for the definitive diagnosis. b. Describe 2 virulence factors of this pathogen and implicate them in diseases.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between a constitutive enzyme and an inducible enzyme.arrow_forwardYou got an opportunity to join a professor lab who is working in-vivo model and specifically looking at the dysregulation of mitochondria in liver. He asked you to isolate mitochondria from a Rat liver and placed in an assay medium. Based on the knowledge you gain in this course so far, please answer the following questions: a) Which technique will you use to isolate mitochondria? b) What happens to the pH of the medium when the medium is kept anaerobic? c) What happens when O2-saturated saline is added to the mixture?arrow_forward