The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained. Concept introduction: Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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You’ve isolated a protein and determined that the Native molecular weight of the holoenzyme is 160 kD using size exclusion chromatography. Analysis of this protein using SDS-PAGE revealed 2 bands, one at 100 kD and one at 30 kD. The enzyme was found to be 0.829% NAD (by weight). What further can be said regarding the structure of the polypeptide?

What is the formation of glycosylated hemoglobin (the basis for the HbA1c test)? Can you describe it?

Please analze the gel electrophoresis column of the VRK1 kinase (MW: 39.71 kDa). Also use a ruler to measure the length of the column in centimeters and calculate the MW of each band observed. Lane 1: buffer Lane 2 : Ladder Lane 3: Lysate Lane 4: Flowthrough Lane 5: Wash Lanes 6-8: E1, E2, E3 Lane 9: Dialyzed VRK1 Lane 10: LDH

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 13

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 10P

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 14 Solutions