Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 14, Problem 16P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Number of cAMP molecules produced from the complex of epinephrine and beta-adrenergic receptor should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The adrenergic receptors are the GPCRs (G-proteins coupled receptors), whose ligands are basically epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones produced by the body. Beta blockers, ß2 agonists and a2 agonists are certain medicines that also bind to the adrenergic receptors, to cure asthma and high blood pressure.
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2. For the flow of fluid over a flat membrane of length 10cm,
determine the length-average mass transfer coefficient. The
relevant properties of the system are u=0.01cm²/s, D=5 x 106
cm²/s, and v = 5.0 cm/s.
Background
Freezing isn't the only challenge in cryopreservation - thawing can
be just as difficult. A microwave oven seems like a nice solution,
since it deposits energy quickly and microwaves are non-ionizing
radiation (they do not cause DNA mutation). However, water
absorbs microwaves more effectively than ice does, meaning that
the portion of an organ that has already melted will get warmer at a
higher rate than the remaining ice – the opposite of what we want!
-
The transmission of radiation through a weakly absorbing material
such as ice or water can be modeled by Beer's law, which assumes
that the rate of absorption at a depth x is proportional to the local
radiation intensity I(x) times an absorption coefficient, which is often
written as μ or a or just µ). Noting that absorption decreases the
intensity, we can write a differential equation
a
Solving the differential equation with the boundary condition on the
surface being
gives the relationship
For a standard microwave oven…
3. Dry air is inhaled at a rate of 10 liter/min through a trachea with
a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 125 mm. The inner
surface of the trachea is at a normal body temperature of 37°C
and may be assumed to be saturated with water.
a. Assuming steady, fully developed flow in the trachea,
estimate the mass transfer convection coefficient.
b. Estimate the daily water loss (liter/day) associated with
evaporation in the trachea.
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