When Mendel did crosses of true-breeding purple- and white-flowered pea plants, the white-flowered trait disappeared from the F 1 . generation but reappeared in the F 2 generation. Use genetic terms to explain why that happened.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

When Mendel did crosses of true-breeding purple- and white-flowered pea plants, the white-flowered trait disappeared from the F₁. generation but reappeared in the F₂ generation. Use genetic terms to explain why that happened.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the white color trait disappeared in the F₁ generation and was again observed in the F₂ generation in Mendel’s cross between purple- and white- flowered pea plants.

Introduction: Genes have alternate forms known as alleles, which are transmitted to offspring. If the two alleles are different, then there is a hybrid in the F₁ generation. The dominant allele out of the two expresses itself and determines the phenotype. In F₁ individuals, two different alleles segregate into gametes. During self-pollination, the gametes unite randomly, thereby giving a chance to recessive alleles to be expressed in a homozygous state at the F₂ generation.

Explanation of Solution

The cross between the individuals that are true breeding homozygous for one allele gives different traits in F₁ progeny. This is called as monohybrid cross. Several traits of pea plants were studied in which Mendel used the purple- and white-colored flower traits to perform monohybrid experiment. When Mendel crossed these plants, the F₁ hybrids or first true breeding generation received was both dominant and recessive alleles equally but showed a purple pigment. This is because the purple-colored trait was dominant over white. That is, white-colored trait is and was not expressed recessive in the F₁ generation. However, the white trait was expressed in F₂ generation of the experiment. This was because it is only possible for a white allele to exist in a homozygous state, which causes the white trait to be expressed in F₂ generation.

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants.

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

Fig.1: Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants

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Imagine that you are a clinical geneticist. Your colleague is an oncologist who wants your help explaining the basics of genetics to their patient, who will be undergoing genetic testing in the coming weeks for possible acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by the radiation she had several years ago for breast cancer. Write a 1,050- to 1,225-word memo to your colleague. Include the following in your memo: An explanation of the molecular structure of DNA and RNA, highlighting both similarities and differences A description of the processes of transcription and translation An explanation of the differences between leading and lagging strands and how the DNA is replicated in each strand Reponses to the following common questions patients might ask about this type of genetic testing and genetic disorder: Does AML run in families? What genes are tested for?

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

When Mendel did crosses of true-breeding purple- and white-flowered pea plants, the white-flowered trait disappeared from the F₁. generation but reappeared in the F₂ generation. Use genetic terms to explain why that happened.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the white color trait disappeared in the F₁ generation and was again observed in the F₂ generation in Mendel’s cross between purple- and white- flowered pea plants.

Introduction: Genes have alternate forms known as alleles, which are transmitted to offspring. If the two alleles are different, then there is a hybrid in the F₁ generation. The dominant allele out of the two expresses itself and determines the phenotype. In F₁ individuals, two different alleles segregate into gametes. During self-pollination, the gametes unite randomly, thereby giving a chance to recessive alleles to be expressed in a homozygous state at the F₂ generation.

Explanation of Solution

The cross between the individuals that are true breeding homozygous for one allele gives different traits in F₁ progeny. This is called as monohybrid cross. Several traits of pea plants were studied in which Mendel used the purple- and white-colored flower traits to perform monohybrid experiment. When Mendel crossed these plants, the F₁ hybrids or first true breeding generation received was both dominant and recessive alleles equally but showed a purple pigment. This is because the purple-colored trait was dominant over white. That is, white-colored trait is and was not expressed recessive in the F₁ generation. However, the white trait was expressed in F₂ generation of the experiment. This was because it is only possible for a white allele to exist in a homozygous state, which causes the white trait to be expressed in F₂ generation.

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants.

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

Fig.1: Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

When Mendel did crosses of true-breeding purple- and white-flowered pea plants, the white-flowered trait disappeared from the F₁. generation but reappeared in the F₂ generation. Use genetic terms to explain why that happened.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the white color trait disappeared in the F₁ generation and was again observed in the F₂ generation in Mendel’s cross between purple- and white- flowered pea plants.

Introduction: Genes have alternate forms known as alleles, which are transmitted to offspring. If the two alleles are different, then there is a hybrid in the F₁ generation. The dominant allele out of the two expresses itself and determines the phenotype. In F₁ individuals, two different alleles segregate into gametes. During self-pollination, the gametes unite randomly, thereby giving a chance to recessive alleles to be expressed in a homozygous state at the F₂ generation.

Explanation of Solution

The cross between the individuals that are true breeding homozygous for one allele gives different traits in F₁ progeny. This is called as monohybrid cross. Several traits of pea plants were studied in which Mendel used the purple- and white-colored flower traits to perform monohybrid experiment. When Mendel crossed these plants, the F₁ hybrids or first true breeding generation received was both dominant and recessive alleles equally but showed a purple pigment. This is because the purple-colored trait was dominant over white. That is, white-colored trait is and was not expressed recessive in the F₁ generation. However, the white trait was expressed in F₂ generation of the experiment. This was because it is only possible for a white allele to exist in a homozygous state, which causes the white trait to be expressed in F₂ generation.

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants.

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

Fig.1: Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

When Mendel did crosses of true-breeding purple- and white-flowered pea plants, the white-flowered trait disappeared from the F₁. generation but reappeared in the F₂ generation. Use genetic terms to explain why that happened.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the white color trait disappeared in the F₁ generation and was again observed in the F₂ generation in Mendel’s cross between purple- and white- flowered pea plants.

Introduction: Genes have alternate forms known as alleles, which are transmitted to offspring. If the two alleles are different, then there is a hybrid in the F₁ generation. The dominant allele out of the two expresses itself and determines the phenotype. In F₁ individuals, two different alleles segregate into gametes. During self-pollination, the gametes unite randomly, thereby giving a chance to recessive alleles to be expressed in a homozygous state at the F₂ generation.

Explanation of Solution

The cross between the individuals that are true breeding homozygous for one allele gives different traits in F₁ progeny. This is called as monohybrid cross. Several traits of pea plants were studied in which Mendel used the purple- and white-colored flower traits to perform monohybrid experiment. When Mendel crossed these plants, the F₁ hybrids or first true breeding generation received was both dominant and recessive alleles equally but showed a purple pigment. This is because the purple-colored trait was dominant over white. That is, white-colored trait is and was not expressed recessive in the F₁ generation. However, the white trait was expressed in F₂ generation of the experiment. This was because it is only possible for a white allele to exist in a homozygous state, which causes the white trait to be expressed in F₂ generation.

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants.

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

Fig.1: Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the white color trait disappeared in the F₁ generation and was again observed in the F₂ generation in Mendel’s cross between purple- and white- flowered pea plants.

Introduction: Genes have alternate forms known as alleles, which are transmitted to offspring. If the two alleles are different, then there is a hybrid in the F₁ generation. The dominant allele out of the two expresses itself and determines the phenotype. In F₁ individuals, two different alleles segregate into gametes. During self-pollination, the gametes unite randomly, thereby giving a chance to recessive alleles to be expressed in a homozygous state at the F₂ generation.

Explanation of Solution

The cross between the individuals that are true breeding homozygous for one allele gives different traits in F₁ progeny. This is called as monohybrid cross. Several traits of pea plants were studied in which Mendel used the purple- and white-colored flower traits to perform monohybrid experiment. When Mendel crossed these plants, the F₁ hybrids or first true breeding generation received was both dominant and recessive alleles equally but showed a purple pigment. This is because the purple-colored trait was dominant over white. That is, white-colored trait is and was not expressed recessive in the F₁ generation. However, the white trait was expressed in F₂ generation of the experiment. This was because it is only possible for a white allele to exist in a homozygous state, which causes the white trait to be expressed in F₂ generation.

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants.

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

Fig.1: Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the white color trait disappeared in the F₁ generation and was again observed in the F₂ generation in Mendel’s cross between purple- and white- flowered pea plants.

Introduction: Genes have alternate forms known as alleles, which are transmitted to offspring. If the two alleles are different, then there is a hybrid in the F₁ generation. The dominant allele out of the two expresses itself and determines the phenotype. In F₁ individuals, two different alleles segregate into gametes. During self-pollination, the gametes unite randomly, thereby giving a chance to recessive alleles to be expressed in a homozygous state at the F₂ generation.

Explanation of Solution

The cross between the individuals that are true breeding homozygous for one allele gives different traits in F₁ progeny. This is called as monohybrid cross. Several traits of pea plants were studied in which Mendel used the purple- and white-colored flower traits to perform monohybrid experiment. When Mendel crossed these plants, the F₁ hybrids or first true breeding generation received was both dominant and recessive alleles equally but showed a purple pigment. This is because the purple-colored trait was dominant over white. That is, white-colored trait is and was not expressed recessive in the F₁ generation. However, the white trait was expressed in F₂ generation of the experiment. This was because it is only possible for a white allele to exist in a homozygous state, which causes the white trait to be expressed in F₂ generation.

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants.

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

Fig.1: Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the white color trait disappeared in the F₁ generation and was again observed in the F₂ generation in Mendel’s cross between purple- and white- flowered pea plants.

Introduction: Genes have alternate forms known as alleles, which are transmitted to offspring. If the two alleles are different, then there is a hybrid in the F₁ generation. The dominant allele out of the two expresses itself and determines the phenotype. In F₁ individuals, two different alleles segregate into gametes. During self-pollination, the gametes unite randomly, thereby giving a chance to recessive alleles to be expressed in a homozygous state at the F₂ generation.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The cross between the individuals that are true breeding homozygous for one allele gives different traits in F₁ progeny. This is called as monohybrid cross. Several traits of pea plants were studied in which Mendel used the purple- and white-colored flower traits to perform monohybrid experiment. When Mendel crossed these plants, the F₁ hybrids or first true breeding generation received was both dominant and recessive alleles equally but showed a purple pigment. This is because the purple-colored trait was dominant over white. That is, white-colored trait is and was not expressed recessive in the F₁ generation. However, the white trait was expressed in F₂ generation of the experiment. This was because it is only possible for a white allele to exist in a homozygous state, which causes the white trait to be expressed in F₂ generation.

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants.

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 14, Problem 14.1CR

Fig.1: Mendel’s cross between purple- and white-flowered pea plants