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Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The combined frequency of two alleles used in DNA fingerprinting.
Introduction: The detection of variations in the minisatellites, or short tandem repeats used to identify individuals is called DNA fingerprinting. DNA was first used as
b.
To determine: Whether the combined frequency of the alleles point to the suspect as a perpetrator
Introduction: DNA profiling has been used in criminal and civil investigations. The allele frequency with a number of STR probes is calculated, and the probability is matched with the suspect.
c.
To determine: The additional data that can be obtained from the DNA lab to find the perpetrator.
Introduction: The use of DNA profiling has brought about a major revolution in criminal and civil proceedings. The DNA is probed with four STR allele probes, and the frequency is calculated to determine or identify the perpetrator.
d.
To determine: Whether jurors in judicial system understand basic probability and whether DNA evidence can mislead jurors to make a false decision.
Introduction: DNA was first used as forensic evidence in 1986 since then DNA profiling has brought about a major revolution in criminal and civil proceedings. The analysis of DNA profiling includes the study of probability, statistics and population genetics.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
- The following gel represents a result of the RFLP experiment you designed using the DNA of 9 different individuals (this is your population). The ladder used is a 50bp ladder and is loaded in the first well. 1. What is the percentage of non-tasters in this population? 2. What is the percentage of heterozygous in this population? 3. What is the frequency of nontaster allele in this population? 4. What is the frequency of the taster allele in this population?arrow_forwardWhat is wrong with simply saying that a suspect is included in a mixture without providing any statistics? Why is it important to establish independence between alleles and between loci? im assuming allele frequency in dna, particualrily forensics. class is forensic dna analysis.arrow_forwardThe genotype at one CODIS Core Locus for the mother is (3,8) and for the father is (5, 7). Answer the questions below as they relate to that one CODIS Core Locus. Show your calculations and explain your logic. What is the probability the sons will show one matching allele to each other? If a forensic profile is (7, 8) for this CODIS Core locus, what is the probability that one of the two sons will match at both alleles and the other will match at just one allele?arrow_forward
- I asked this question before but the solution was not correct and I'm really trying to figure out how to do this to get the correct answer. Please show work!DNA typing is used to compare evidence DNA (E) left at a crime scene to two suspects(S1 and S2). Suspect 1 is excluded by the evidence, but suspect 2 remains included. What isthe frequency of suspect 2's genotype if the allelic frequencies in the population are f(A1) =0.1, f(A2) = 0.2, and f(A3) = 0.7, and the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?The answer is 0.49.arrow_forwardThe next several questions refer to the data given in this problem. You sample a population of leafhoppers and genotype 250 individuals at a polymorphic locus with two alleles. You obtain the following numbers: AA = 68 individualsAa = 54 individualsaa = 128 individuals What is the frequency of the A allele? (You may round your answer to 2 decimal places)arrow_forwardIn 1998, Sally Clark was tried for murder after two of her sons died shortly after birth. During the trial, an expert witness for the prosecution testified that the probability of a newborn dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was 1/8500, so the probability of two deaths due to SIDS in one family was (1/8500)7, or about one in 73 million. Therefore, he continued, the probability of Clark's innocence was one in 73 million. What is wrong with the prosecution's reasoning?arrow_forward
- I would like to get some help with Question #7 of this Problem Set: Researchers studying beach mice in Florida observed a population and were able to determine the number of individuals of each genotype (Table 1). Table 1. Observed numbers of beach mice with light and dark fur Question 7:arrow_forwardplease make sure to read the question and make sure to answer the whole question (THERE ARE OTHER VARIATIONS OF THE QUESTION ON DIFFERNT WEBSITES THAT ARE DIFFERENT THAN MINE)arrow_forwardThe gel image below shows 7 alleles, let's call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. In this sample of 11 individuals, what percentage of individuals have allele 7? Please type your answer as a number, rounded to the nearest whole percentage, just type the number, not the symbol. Answer: In the gel image below 0 percent of individuals have allele 7. Photograph of UV illuminated 1% agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 different individuals (A-K) ... A B C DE F G H IJK 2000| 1650 1000 850 600 500 Кey: Lane 1: DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes (bp). Lanes 2-13: PCR products from the same variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K).arrow_forward
- Jean Manning, Charles Kerfoot, and Edward Berger studied genotypic frequencies at the phosphoglucose isomerase (GPI) locus in the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris (a small crustacean known as a water flea). They collected 176 of the animals from a single location in Union Bay in Seattle, Washington, and determined their GPI genotypes by using electrophoresis (J. Manning, W. C. Kerfoot, and E. M. Berger. 1978. Evolution 32:365–374). Genotype Number S1S1 4 S1S2 38 S2S2 134 Determine the genotypic and allelic frequencies for this population.arrow_forwardUsing the information and data from the 2 photos, answer the last question on the bottom of the second page. Please answer in detail and accurately. The question asks: “Did your results from the coin tosses support your prediction from the Punnett Square? Specify the data you used.”arrow_forwardWhile studying the frequency of sickle-cell disease ("sickle cell anemia") in a population living in sub-Saharan Africa, you obtain the following data from a sample of n= 100 people (note that I chose a simpler system for identifying the alleles rather than using "Hb S" for sickle cell allele), which is the actual name and what you used in lab). What is the frequency of the sickle cell allele (b) in the sample below from a human population? Sample Data BB-60 individuals (No sickle cell disease) Bb-30 individuals (No sickle cell disease) bb-10 individuals (Sickle cell disease) 1. 0.25 2. 0.10 3. 0.35 4. 0.60 5. 0.20arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
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