Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 6QP
Summary Introduction
Introduction: In classical breeding techniques, transfer of hundreds to thousands of genes takes place to develop transgenic crops. These days, however, methods of
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Genetically modifying seeds to produce herbicide-resistant plants that increase crop yields has revolutionized modern agriculture. However, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have come under fire in recent years, with consumer groups calling for mandatory GMO labeling on all food packages that contain GMO ingredients. GMO labeling laws have been in force in the European Union and other countries for several years, but the threat to the U.S. food industry is only now surfacing. Although bills requiring GMO labeling have been introduced in many state legislatures, Vermont is the only state where such a law has so far withstood the first round of legal battles from the industry. Leading chemical companies, including Monsanto, BASF, and DuPont, are the world’s largest suppliers of seeds that grow the food that feeds the world. To counter the GMO labeling threat, they now are turning to mutagenesis as an alternative technique to create herbicide-resistant crops. Mutagenesis mimics the…
Many concerns have been raised about the safety of GMOs. These are all concerns that have been raised EXCEPT
A. Genes that offer herbicide resistance will be passed on to weedy species making "superweeds".
b. GM crops will cross with non-GM crops and move the recombinant genes into crops where farmers don't want them.
c. Genes added to crop plants can negatively affect the health of people who eat the crops.
d. Genetically modified crops increase the use of fossil fuels and therefore increase the production of carbon dioxide.
An E. coli strain where the crp gene that encodes the cAMP receptor protein (CRP), also known as the catabolite activator protein, has a mutation such that it is no longer active. In this case, the strain would no longer be able to (select all that are correct)
A. Grow on minimal medium plus glucose
B.Synthesize tryptophan
C. Grow on minimal medium plus maltose
D. Grow in a rich medium
E. Grow on minimal medium plus lactose
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14.6 - Suppose you are arrested for a serious crime and a...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 2EGCh. 14 - Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample...Ch. 14 - Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample...Ch. 14 - Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample...Ch. 14 - Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2QPCh. 14 - Prob. 3QPCh. 14 - Genetically Modified Foods The creation of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5QP
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- The following statements apply to compounds to which HONO, benzo(a)pyrene, aflatoxin, formaldehyde and chloroform are examples of: A. All may alter DNA sequences because they alkylate nucleotide bases B. All may alter DNA sequences which could result in altered protein products. C. All are mutagenic because they intercalate DNA D. All are mutagenic and causes the production of apurinic sites O E. All are mutagenic because they cause substitution of a base resulting in the production of a protein product with altered sequencearrow_forwardGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are used to create human growth hormone, insulin and clotting factor proteins that are used to treat dwarfism, diabetes and hemophilia respectively. Several crops such as corn and soybean have also been genetically modified in order to facilitate either the management or growth of these crops. Why do you think there is push back or opposition against the use of GM food crops but not in the use of products such as insulin, which is also created using GMOs?arrow_forwardGenetically modified foods are products produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. Golden rice, Flavr Savr tomatoes and Roundup Ready soyabeans are products of this technology. Discuss the advantages of these three genetically modified crops. Name ONE (1) strategy to produce transformed plant cells.arrow_forward
- Read the paragraph that follows on a particular GMO. Make a tabulation of its use's positive and negative consequences as well as ethical issues. Landmines in many countries worldwide remind us of dreadful wars in the past and these too still prey on innocent lives who accidentally step on them. There is an interesting research however on a genetically modified plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana which detects the presence of land mines through changing colors. In a particular study, a gene that turns-on the production of the red pigment, anthocyanin in the presence of nitrogen dioxide has been inserted in the genome of thale cress (A. thaliana). As the modified plant already renders a sensitivity to the presence of nitrogen dioxide gas, in areas where unexploded landmines exist, the leaves of these plants turn from green to red, signaling the presence of nitrogen oxide gases released by these buried bombs (Nelson, 2004). Figure. Thale cress, the landmine detecting plant lifted from…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about our defenses to protect DNA are correct (select all that apply)? A. Genetic differences in GST enzymes may affect risk of cancer B. Reactive Oxygens species that damage DNA are removed by catalase C. On average, humans are exposed to more naturally occurring plant pesticides compared to man made pesticides. D. Cancer cells upregulate concentration of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) to remove electrophilic compounds E. High levels of melanin are correlated with increased risk of skin cancerarrow_forwardDue to climate change, food security is highly compromised. Sequentially explain recombinant DNA techniques you would use to isolate and transfer a heat resistant gene from a bacteria to help maize plants thrive in areas with water scarcity.arrow_forward
- A farmer is attending a genetic conference on crops. What is the best question a farmer could ask before deciding to use genetically modified crops or non-genetically modified crops? A. Are genetically modified crops typically safer? B.Are genetically modified crops typically more productive? C.Are genetically modified crops typically more controversial? D.Are genetically modified crops typically more expensive?arrow_forwardFish and other organisms that live in the Arctic express an antifreeze protein that prevents subzerotemperatures from damaging their cells. Scientistshave generated transgenic strawberries and tomatoesthat express the fish antifreeze protein. However,neither crop has been commercialized.a. Explain the steps involved in generating the transgenic crop plants. What enables these plants tomake a fish protein?b. The reason neither crop is on the market is thatthe antifreeze protein did not produce the desiredeffect: protection of the fruits from damage in afreeze. Provide a possible hypothesis explainingwhy the fish antifreeze protein might not workin plants.arrow_forwardThe study of the b-globin gene helped establish the one gene-one polypeptide relationship. Which of the following statements related to the b-globin gene study is true? a. all mutations in the b-globin gene lead to sickle cell disease b. some mutations in the b-globin gene lead to sickle cell disease c. all mutations in the b-globin gene altered the b chain in hemoglobinarrow_forward
- What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the production of transgenic plants? a. Genes from A. fume fociens are inserted into plant DNA to give the plant different traits. b. Transgenic plants have been given resistance to the pest A. tumefacaens. c. A. wmefaciens is used as a vector to move genes into plant cells. d. Plant genes are incorporated into the genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.arrow_forwardYou would like to create an anti-viral medication that is active against both H5N2 and H5N1 strains of influenza. The best drug target would be: a. ribosomal protein production b. Hemagglutinin-mediated fusion c. Neuroaminidase-mediated buddingarrow_forwardA. What is the pathogen that is attacking bananas today?b. Why is this especially problematic in Africa? C. Why do we expect to lose the war with this pathogen?d. What is random mutagenesis?arrow_forward
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