The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified. Concept Introduction: Reaction of an ester having an α − hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β − keto ester. Mechanism for Claisen Condensation: A base abstracts a proton from the α − c a r b o n forms enolate ion. The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester. The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13.8, Problem 17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NO2 (g) = N2O4(g) AGº = -5.4 kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.53 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) at 279. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall? Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to '2' rise by adding NO2? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. 00 rise ☐ x10 fall yes no ☐ atm G Ar 1

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13.8, Problem 17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13.8, Problem 17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13.8, Problem 17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13.8, Problem 17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

Answer 6

Chapter 13.8, Problem 17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

Answer 7

Chapter 13.8, Problem 17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of an ester having an α− hydrogen with one equivalent of a base to yield a β− keto ester.

Mechanism for Claisen Condensation:

A base abstracts a proton from the α−carbon forms enolate ion.

The enolate ion gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

The negative charge on oxygen of the carbonyl group reforms, by removing an alkoxide ion.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 13.1 - Identify the most acidic hydrogen in each...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13.1 - Explain why HO cannot remove a proton from the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of Claisen Condensation, wherein a proton is abstracted from the alpha -carbon and attached to the carbonyl carbon of another ester.

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