Chapter 13.13, Problem 18P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resemblance of the substituent $-\stackrel{\text{+}}{\text{N}}{{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ with $-{\text{<mover accent="true">N<mo>¨</mo></mover>(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}$ or $-{\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}$ according to the rate effect and regioselectivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is to be determined and the reason is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Electron withdrawing substituents deactivate the ring towards EAS, and they are meta directing.

Electron donating substituents activate the ring towards EAS and they are ortho and para directing.