Chapter 13, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The most likely candidate for substituent X based on the partial rate factors for chlorination si to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Chlorination of benzene and benzene derivatives is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Partial rate factor is the experimentally determined relative data for rates of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Substituents which pull the electron density away from carbon atom are the electron withdrawing substituents.

Substituents which donate the electron density to the carbon atom are the electron releasing substituents.

Electron withdrawing substituents deactivate the ring and direct the upcoming electrophile to meta positions.

Electron releasing substituents activate the ring and direct the upcoming electrophile to ortho-para positions.