Concept explainers
Interpretation:
A mechanism for the given reaction is to be suggested.
Concept Introduction:
Aryl halides (halogens attached to the benzene ring) generally do not undergo nucleophilic
An electron withdrawing atom or group attached to the benzene ring imposes the electron-attracting inductive effect and stabilizes the cyclohexadienyl anion intermediate which permits the reaction to proceed rapidly.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions follow an addition-elimination mechanism.
In the first step, addition of the nucleophile to aryl halide takes place to form a cyclohexadienyl anion intermediate.
In the second step, the elimination of the halide group takes place.
Strong electron withdrawing substituents in the aryl halide stabilizes the cyclohexadienyl anion intermediate.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions follow the second order rate law in which the
Presence of strongly electronegative (electron withdrawing) group(s) on the benzene ring activates it towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
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Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
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