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Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism  of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help
To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?
To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine.  Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!
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