The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP , ADP and Pi are 3.5 , 1.50 , and 5.0 mM , respectively. Introduction: The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 22P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy required to synthesize ATP in the human hepatocyte when the physiological concentrations of ATP,ADP and Pi are 3.5,1.50, and 5.0mM, respectively.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 8

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 9

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 10

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 11

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of the body weight which is represented by the weight of ATP used by a human adult in 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 12

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 13

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The apparent contradiction regarding the fact that the adults synthesize large amounts of ATP daily, their weight, structure, and composition do not change significantly during 24 hours.

Introduction:

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic compound which is produced during the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 13 - Prob. 1P Ch. 13 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13 - Prob. 3P Ch. 13 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13 - Prob. 5P Ch. 13 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13 - Prob. 8P Ch. 13 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13 - Prob. 10P

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