Concept explainers
To explain: What happens when Neurospora spores are exposed to X-rays and a culture is established from the irradiated spores and then grown in (1) a minimal medium plus vitamins, (2) a minimal medium plus amino acids, and (3) a minimal medium.
Introduction: Genes are sets of
To explain: What happens when Neurospora spores are exposed to X-rays and a culture is established from the irradiated spores and if the
Introduction: Genes are sets of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed for the synthesis of a protein. This gene expression is regulated depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, cell division proteins are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Alexander Fleming was working with bacteria called staphylococcus, which looked like bunches of grapes under the microscope. He could grow colonies of these bacteria on petri dishes with a growth medium. When he returned from vacation, he found that several of these dishes had become contaminated with a fungus. The colonies near where the fungus was growing had been destroyed. Fleming then grew the mold and purposefully added it to a petri dish that contained bacteria colonies. The colonies exposed to the mold died. Fleming named the substance within the mold that killed bacteria "penicillin." REASONING: If mold contains a substance that kills bacteria, then ... a) bacteria exposed to mold would be destroyed b) bacteria could be grown on a growth medium c) fungus can be grown as easily as bacteriaarrow_forwardSelect five (5) different isolated colonies in the illustration below and fully characterize each of them by describing their texture, transparency, color, and form (size, overall shape, margin, and elevation). Crop each colony you have chosen and tabularize your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best definition of generationtime?(a) The length of time it takes for lag phase to occur(b) The length of time it takes a population of cells to double(c) The minimum length of time it takes a cell to divide(d) The length of time a culture stays in stationary phase(e) The length of time it takes log phase to occurarrow_forward
- The death of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores is routinely used to assess the effectiveness of sterilization procedures. In this procedure, endospores are exposed to the sterilization process (e.g., autoclaving) and then plated on germination medium. If sterilization has been successful, no growth occurs. This requires about 2 days. Yung and Ponce have developed a new approach that yields results within 15 minutes after sterilization. Their technique is based on the release of dipicolinic acid (DPA) from the spore coat by germinating cells. DPA release is monitored microscopically after endospores are placed in media containing alanine and terbium ion (Tb31). Alanine triggers germination and Tb31 binds DPA, which then fluoresces green when illuminated with UV light. Design an experiment in which this new method could be shown to be as reliable as the culturebased approach. What other sterilization procedures besides autoclaving could this technique be used to monitor?arrow_forwardWhich of the following methods used to enumerate cells often requires specialized staining to observe nonpigmented bacteria? A) Spectrophotometry/turbidity B) Spread-plating C) Microscopy D) Spread-plating, turbidity, and microscopyarrow_forwardAll of the following are valid measurements of growth except: A. Counting viable cells B. Estimating the weight of cells C. Determining the dry weight of cells D. Streaking for single colonies E. Measuring some cellular component F. Counting the total number of cellsarrow_forward
- Hello, Can you please help me with the next question abnout bacterium? (I would apreciate a short answer). Let's say that the growth you are observing is occurring under the following factors: Oxygen-rich environment; temperature range is 25-40 degrees Celsius; and uses inorganic chemical compounds as the source of energy. What terms would you use to describe the bacteria? Thank tou un advance!arrow_forwardGeorge Beadle and Edward Tatum studied the common bread mold, Neurosporacrassa, in the early 1940s They detected a link between gene mutations and proteins They used X-rays to generate mutations that were unable to survive on minimal medium though they could grow on complete medium(supplemented). Design an experiment that would enable you to pinpoint the mold/mildew with the resistance distinct from the ones without the resistance.arrow_forward210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 41 42 43 44 45 460 470 48 49 50 51 As discussed in lab and lecture, Endospores serve an im cells. A) What is the purpose of an endospore? B) Explain the endospores relationship to reproduction. C) What procedure would you use to test for them in lab? For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph A & B ¶ BAX 安田图 † {} I ¶ T< 20°F V Arial XQ5d - ABC V 10 == ΠΩ Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to saarrow_forward
- Fill in the Blanks pleasearrow_forwardTransfer of Culture from Agar Plate to Agar Slant ____ a.) With your free hand, pick up the sterile nutrient agar slant tube. Remove the cap by grasping the cap with the little finger of the hand that is holding the loop. ____ b.) Raise the lid of a petri plate sufficiently to access a colony with your sterile loop. Pick up the organism. ____ c.) Clean your work area with disinfectant. Allow area to dry. ____ d.) Flame an inoculating loop until it is red-hot. Allow the loop to cool. ____ e.) Remove the loop from the tube and flame the mouth of the tube. Replace the cap on the tube. ____ f.) After transfer is done, flame the loop. ____ g.) Incubate the nutrient agar slant at 37°C for 24–48 hours. ____ h.) Flame the mouth of the tube and insert the loop into the tube to inoculate the surface of the slant, using a zigzag motion. Please provide the answer in orderarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT correctly matched? A. Halophile – microbe that can grow in an environment with high osmotic pressure (e.g., salt) B. None of the other four answers (all are correctly matched) C. Agar – complex polysaccharide from seaweed used as a solidifying agent in culture media D. Colony – a population of microbial cells arising from a single cell or spore or from a group of attached cells E. Capnophile – microbe requiring an elevated molecular oxygen (O2) environment for optimal growtharrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning