A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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3)Which of the following statements are true? Choose all that apply a)There are multiple codons possible for nearly all amino acids b)Each stop codon also codes for an amino acid c)Each tRNA will base pair with only one codon d)The start codon also codes for an amino acid e)Each codon in mRNA codes for exactly one amino acid f)Each codon in tRNA codes for exactly one amino acid g)Each anticodon in tRNA pairs with exactly one codon h)Each tRNA carries exactly one type of amino acid

Identify the single most correct answer: a) The promoter specifies how efficient a mRNA binds to the ribosomes. Ob) An amino acid is represented by one and only one codon. Oc) Ribozymes are RNA molecules with enzymatic activities. d) Each tRNA contains a unique codon.

33)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

Answer 13

Ch. 13.1 - Summarize the early evidence indicating that some...Ch. 13.1 - Describe how Beadle and Tatums experiments...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1C Ch. 13.1 - How did the work of each of the following...Ch. 13.2 - Outline the flow of genetic information in cells,...Ch. 13.2 - Compare the structures of DNA and RNA.Ch. 13.2 - Explain why the genetic code is said to be...Ch. 13.2 - VISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2C Ch. 13.3 - Compare the processes of transcription and DNA...

Concept explainers

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 13 Solutions