Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU
Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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Identify the single most correct answer: a) The promoter specifies how efficient a mRNA binds to the ribosomes. Ob) An amino acid is represented by one and only one codon. Oc) Ribozymes are RNA molecules with enzymatic activities. d) Each tRNA contains a unique codon.
Use your genetic code (codon) table to answer the next two questions: What type of mutation would result if the sequence of a gene were altered so that the sequence of the mRNA was changed from: AUGCCGUGCAGUAAC    to        AUGCCAUGCAGUAAC A) a silent mutation B) a nonsense mutation C) a frame-shift mutation D) a missense mutation  E) a base insertion mutation
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Chapter 13 Solutions

Biology (MindTap Course List)

Ch. 13.3 - Compare bacterial and eukaryotic mRNAs, and...Ch. 13.3 - In what ways are DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase...Ch. 13.3 - A certain template DNA strand has the following...Ch. 13.3 - What features do mature eukaryotic mRNA molecules...Ch. 13.4 - Identify the features of tRNA that are important...Ch. 13.4 - Explain how ribosomes function in polypeptide...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 10LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 11LOCh. 13.4 - What are ribosomes made of? Do ribosomes carry...Ch. 13.4 - What happens in each stage of polypeptide...Ch. 13.4 - A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide...Ch. 13.5 - Give examples of the different classes of...Ch. 13.5 - What are the main types of mutations?Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.6 - Briefly discuss RNA interference.Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 14LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 15LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.6 - Prob. 3CCh. 13 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 13 - What is the correct order of information flow in...Ch. 13 - During transcription, how many RNA nucleotide...Ch. 13 - The genetic code is defined as a series of...Ch. 13 - RNA differs from DNA in that the base...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 13 - Which of the following is/are not found in a...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is/are typically removed...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 13 - Suppose you mix the following components of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 13 - Compare and contrast the formation of mRNA in...Ch. 13 - Explain to a friend the experimental strategy that...Ch. 13 - Biologists hypothesize that transposons eventually...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 18TYU
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