Chapter 13, Problem 13.137P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molarity, molality, mole fraction and mass percent of ${\text{CHCl}}_3$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in one litre of solution. It is represented by $M$ and its unit is $\text{mol/L}$.

The formula to calculate the molarity of the solution is as follows:

  $\text{Molarity}\left(M\right)=\frac{\text{amount}\left(\text{mol}\right)\text{of}\text{solute}}{\text{volume }\left(\text{L}\right)\text{of}\text{}\text{solution}}$        (1)

Molality is the measure of the concentration of solute in the solution. It is the amount of solute that is dissolved in one kilogram of the solvent. It is represented by $m$ and its unit is moles per kilograms. The solute is the substance that is present in a smaller amount and solvent is the substance that is present in a larger amount.

The formula to calculate the molality of the solution is as follows:

$\text{Molality}=\frac{\text{amount}\left(\text{mol}\right)\text{of}\text{solute}}{\text{mass}\left(\text{kg}\right)\text{of}\text{}\text{solvent}}$        (2)

The mole fraction is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles in the mixture. It is represented by $X$.

The formula to calculate the mole fraction is as follows:

$\text{Mole}\text{fraction}\left(X\right)=\frac{\text{amount}\left(\text{mol}\right)\text{of}\text{solute}}{\text{amount}\left(\text{mol}\right)\text{of}\text{solute}+\text{amount}\left(\text{mol}\right)\text{of}\text{solvent}}$        (3)

Mass percent is defined as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100.

The formula to calculate the mass percent is as follows:

$\text{Mass}\text{percent}=\left(\frac{\text{mass}\text{of}\text{solute}}{\text{mass}\text{of}\text{solution}}\right)100$        (4)