Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.10BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The osmotic pressure of ${\text{MgCl}}_2$ the solution is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The osmotic pressure is defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent via osmosis. It is defined as the minimum pressure that is to be applied to the solution to prevent the inward flow of the pure solvent across the semipermeable membrane. Osmosis occurs when two solutions have different concentrations of solute and are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

The formula to calculate the osmotic pressure of the solution is as follows:

$\prod =iMRT$ (1)

Here, $\prod$ is the osmotic pressure.

$M$ is the molarity of the solution.

$R$ is universal gas constant.

$T$ is the absolute temperature.

$i$ is the van’t Hoff factor.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The scene that describes the U tube test is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. It can exist in any of the phases. Saltwater, rubbing alcohol, bleach, and air are some examples of solutions. It has two components: solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that is present in smaller quantity and gets itself dissolved in the other substance. The solvent is the substance that is present in a larger amount and it dissolves solute in itself.

The characteristics of the solution are as follows:

1. It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

2. The particles of solute can never be seen by the naked eye.

3. It does not allow the light beam to scatter.

4. It is stable.

5. The components of the solution cannot be separated by filtration.

6. It is composed of one phase only.