Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The more energetically stable compound in
Concept Introduction:
An atom tend to share the valence electrons to form the
The bonded atoms in a compound get octet configuration by bond formation either covalent or ionic bond. An ionic compound is formed by cation and anion which have opposite charges on it.
(b)
Interpretation: The more energetically stable compound in
Concept Introduction:
An atom tend to share the valence electrons to form the chemical bond with other elements. The sharing of valence electrons forms covalent bond whereas the gain or loss of valence electrons form ionic bond.
The bonded atoms in a compound get octet configuration by bond formation either covalent or ionic bond. An ionic compound is formed by cation and anion which have opposite charges on it.
(c)
Interpretation: The more energetically stable compound in
Concept Introduction:
An atom tend to share the valence electrons to form the chemical bond with other elements. The sharing of valence electrons forms covalent bond whereas the gain or loss of valence electrons form ionic bond.
The bonded atoms in a compound get octet configuration by bond formation either covalent or ionic bond. An ionic compound is formed by cation and anion which have opposite charges on it.
(d)
Interpretation: The more energetically stable compound in
Concept Introduction:
An atom tend to share the valence electrons to form the chemical bond with other elements. The sharing of valence electrons forms covalent bond whereas the gain or loss of valence electrons form ionic bond.
The bonded atoms in a compound get octet configuration by bond formation either covalent or ionic bond. An ionic compound is formed by cation and anion which have opposite charges on it.
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Chemical Principles
- The compound NF3 is quite stable, but NCl3 is very unstable (NCl3 was first synthesized in 1811 by P. L. Dulong, who lost three fingers and an eye studying its properties). The compounds NBr3 and NI3 are unknown, although the explosive compound NI3 NH3 is known. Account for the instability of these halides of nitrogen.arrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardThe standard enthalpy of formation of XeF4 is 218 kJ/mol. Use this value and the enthalpy of dissociation of the FF bond to calculate the XeF bond dissociation enthalpy.arrow_forward
- Write the Lewis structure for the diatomic molecule P2, an unstable form of phosphorus found in high temperature phosphorus vapor.arrow_forwardPCl3(g) + Cl2 (g) --><-- PCl5(g) A. Use a bond energy to find deltaHo for the reaction. Cl - Cl, 339 kJ/mole; P - Cl, 289 kJ/mole. B. Calculate the value of deltaSo for the reaction. So(PCl5) = 364.2 J/mol * K; So(PCl3) = 311.6 J/mol * K; So(Cl2) = 165.2 J/mol * K.arrow_forwardUse average bond energies to estimate the enthalpy changes of the following reaction? 2HF-->H2 + F2 a. -466kJ b. +38.6kJ c, -413kJ d. -93kJarrow_forward
- 11arrow_forwardWhat is the formal charge on the singly bonded oxygens in the Lewis structure for the carbonate ion? O a. +1 О .-2 OC-1 O d.0arrow_forward2. Use the table below to estimate AH for the reaction NO + O3 → NO2 + O2. Does this reaction consume or produce heat? Single Bond Energies (kJ/mol of bonds) н сN oS F C Br I Н 436 C 413 346 N 391 305 163 O 463 358 201 146 S 347 272 226 - F 565 485 283 190 284 155 Cl 432 339 192 218 255 253 242 Br 366 285 201 217 249 216 193 - I 299 213 201 278 208 175 151 - - Multiple Bond Energies (kJ/mol of bonds) C=C 602 C=N 615 C=O 799 C=C 835 CEN 887 C=O 1072 N=N 418 N=O 607 N=N 945 O=O 498arrow_forward
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