Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277726
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.4, Problem 1AYLO
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
The meaning of electrical potential and resting potential; typical voltage of RMP.
Introduction:
All the living cells are polarized, which means that it has voltage. Any change in the concentration of charged elements from one point to the other is called as the electrical potential. The difference in charges across the plasma membrane is the resting membrane potential (RMP). The inflow of Na+ and K+ through voltage-gated ion channels creates
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 12.1 - What is a receptor? Give two examples of...Ch. 12.1 - Distinguish between the central and peripheral...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 12.1 - What the nervous and endocrine systems have in...Ch. 12.1 - Three fundamental functions of the nervous system;...Ch. 12.1 - Differences between the central nervous system...Ch. 12.1 - The autonomic nervous system and its two divisionsCh. 12.2 - Sketch a multipolar neuron and label its...Ch. 12.2 - Explain the differences between a sensory neuron,...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6BYGO
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 12.2 - Three fundamental physiological properties of...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 12.2 - Ways in winch neurons transport substances between...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 12.3 - Six kinds of neuroglia; the structure and...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.3 - The regeneration of a damaged nerve fiber; the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 12.4 - What an electrical current is, and how sodium ions...Ch. 12.4 - How stimulation of a neuron generates a local...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 12.4 - How one action potential triggers another; how the...Ch. 12.4 - Saltatory conduction in a myelinated nerve fiber,...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 12.5 - Excitatory synapses; how acetylcholine and...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23BYGOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 12.6 - Contrast serial and parallel processing and...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 12.6 - Explain how long-term potentiation and long-term...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.6 - How a postsynaptic neurons decision to fire...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 12.6 - Mechanisms of presynaptic facilitation and...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 12.6 - The meanings of neural pool and neural circuitCh. 12.6 - The difference between a neurons discharge zone...Ch. 12.6 - Diverging, converging, reverberating, and parallel...Ch. 12.6 - The difference between serial and parallel...Ch. 12.6 - The cellular basis of memory; what memory consists...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 12 - The integrative functions of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - The highest density of voltage-gated ion channels...Ch. 12 - The soma of a mature neuron lacks a. a nucleus. b....Ch. 12 - The glial cells that fight infections in the CNS...Ch. 12 - Posttetanic potentiation of a synapse increases...Ch. 12 - An IPSP is_____of the postsynaptic neuron. a. a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 12 - A myelinated nerve fiber can produce action...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 12 - Excitatory postsynaptic potentials lower the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 12 - Myelinated nerve fibers conduct signals more...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 12 - Schizophrenia is sometimes treated with drugs such...Ch. 12 - Hyperkalemia is an excess of potassium ill the...Ch. 12 - Suppose a poison were to slow down the Na+-K+...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 12 - Prob. 5TYC
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- How stimulation of a neuron generates a local potential; the physiological properties of a local potential.arrow_forwardWhy the same neurotransmitter can have different effects on different cells.arrow_forwardA neuron receiving a large enough signal, a resting potential changes and produces electrical impulse called ___________.arrow_forward
- true or false.arrow_forwardAt __________ synapses, neurotransmitters hyperpolarize the membrane, by making it more permeable to K+ or moving membrane potential away from threshold (hyperpolarizing), and making generation of an action potential less likely; these are inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs).arrow_forwardElectrophysiology of the Neuron Phase State of lon Channels Movement of lons Voltage Across Membrane RMP Resting Membrane Potential Hyperpolarizing Graded Potential IPSP Depolarizing Graded Potential EPSP Depolarization Phase of Action Potential Peak of Action Potential Repolarization Phase of Action Potential Hyperpolarization Phase of Action Potential Return to RMP All voltage gated channels - CLOSED All chemically gated channels -CLOSED Voltage gated Na* CLOSED Voltage gated Na' OPEN Na+ and K+ leak channels - OPEN Na+ K+ pump working K+ Voltage gates close slowly Voltage gated K* CLOSED Voltage gated K* OPEN Cl- chemically gated channels- OPEN Na+ chemically gated channels-OPEN K+ chemically gated channels -OPEN 2 K+ pumped IN 3 Na+ pumped OUT K+ diffuses OUT Na* diffuses IN K+ diffuses out or Ch -70 mV to -56 mV -55mV to +30 mv -70 mV +30mv More negative than -70 mV +30mV to -70 mVarrow_forward
- Be able to describe the resting membrane potential of a neuron what is possibly happening versus what is actively happening to maintain negative -70mvarrow_forwardNeuromuscular junction, also called myoneural junction, site of chemical communication between a nerve fibre and a muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is analogous to the synapse between two neurons. A nerve fibre divides into many terminal branches; each terminal ends on a region of muscle fibre called the end plate. Synaptic Cleft is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic cell. It is roughly the size of 30 nm. The synaptic cleft allows the neurotransmitters to diffuse and reach the other side of the synapse or the neuromuscular junction. It also contains enzymes for the degradation of the excess or extra neurotransmitters. Embedded in the end plate are thousands of receptors, which are long protein molecules that form channels through the membrane. Upon stimulation by a nerve impulse, the terminal releases the chemical neurotransmitter acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles. Acetylcholine then binds to the receptors, the channels open, and sodium ions flow into…arrow_forwardThe structure of sensory and motor neuronarrow_forward
- If a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be __________.arrow_forwardNerve transmission and communication with other neurons. DI it restores the membrane potential the chemical that talks between one neuron and the other neuron the point between the neuron and the muscle transmits impulse to dendrite it carries receptors on its surface it produces the neurotransmitter 1. Neurotransmitter 2. Presynaptic membrane 3. Postsynaptic membrane 4. Nat-K+ pump 5. Neuromuscular junction 6. Axonarrow_forwardTrue/False - The action potential is always the same size, regardless of the strength of excitatory signaling that a neuron is receiving.arrow_forward
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