Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12.2, Problem 3MQ
- What lines of evidence indicate that microbial life was present on Earth 3.5 billion years ago?
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - What characteristics would have made the surface...Ch. 12.1 - How do we know when oceans were first present on...Ch. 12.1 - What lines of reasoning support the hypothesis...Ch. 12.2 - Why is the origin of cyanobacteria considered a...Ch. 12.2 - What caused the development of banded iron...Ch. 12.2 - What lines of evidence indicate that microbial...Ch. 12.3 - What evidence supports the idea that the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.3 - In what ways are modern eukaryotes a combination...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.5 - How are DNA sequences obtained for phylogenetic...Ch. 12.5 - What does a phylogenetic tree depict?Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - What are the different processes that give rise to...Ch. 12.6 - What is the difference between selection and...Ch. 12.6 - In the experiment of Figure 13.12, why did the...Ch. 12.7 - What is the difference between the core and pan...Ch. 12.7 - What kind of recombination might have the greatest...Ch. 12.7 - What effects do deletions have on the evolution of...Ch. 12.8 - What is the difference between taxonomy and...Ch. 12.8 - What are some key criteria from the phylogenetic...Ch. 12.8 - How many species of Bacteria and Archaea have been...Ch. 12.9 - What class of genes is used in MLST analyses?Ch. 12.9 - How is ribotyping different from rep-PCR?Ch. 12.9 - What is FAME analysis?Ch. 12.10 - What roles do culture collections play in...Ch. 12.10 - What is the IJSEM and what taxonomic function does...Ch. 12.10 - Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. What major physiological and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Prob. 8RQCh. 12 - Prob. 9RQCh. 12 - What is the difference between a gene tree and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11RQCh. 12 - Prob. 12RQCh. 12 - What is fitness? To what degree does fitness...Ch. 12 - What are some processes that influence the content...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15RQCh. 12 - What is the "species problem" and why is the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - Prob. 19RQCh. 12 - Prob. 20RQCh. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Compare and contrast the physical and chemical...Ch. 12 - For the following sequences, construct the...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have been given several bacterial...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have discovered a new form of...
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- Were any sampling sites devoid of life? What were those sites like? Could microbes have been present at those sites and not detected? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhy was the development of enzymes fundamental to the evolution of life? a) without enzymes, the activation energy for essential reactions was too low b) enzymes allowed for high rate of catalysis at relatively low temperatures c) enzymes reduced the cellular demand for ATP d) enzymes allowed for reactions to occur spontaneouslyarrow_forwardHow does the iron–sulfur world hypothesis differ from the prebiotic soup hypothesis? What do these hypotheses have in common?arrow_forward
- What is the significant about the type of structure shown in the image? Select one alternative: O They are composed of silicon-based life forms. O They are the earliest known life forms on Earth. O They are considered a potential energy source for life elsewhere in the universe. O They are extreme environments where microorganisms cannot survive. O They are ancient microbial structures found on Mars.arrow_forwardEarth’s biota were believed to be relative simple, slow-metabolizing life. During what era is this?arrow_forwardEarth’s biota were believed to be relative simple, slow-metabolizing life. During what period is this?arrow_forward
- State in what ways Stanley miller simulated the condition of :-i) Primitive atmosphere on earth.ii) Energy source at the time of origin of life .iii) Formation of organic molecule of life.arrow_forward1. Which of the following questions can be scientifically investigated? a) Do college students act immorally more often than people not in college? b) When will the next supervolcano erupt? c) Is the Earth a sphere? d) Does God exist? 2. Which of the following statements about sources of information is false? a) Primary resources include peer-reviewed scientific journals. b) Sciencedaily.com and science magazines are examples of secondary resources. c) Popular resources like newspapers and Wikipedia are among the most reliable sources of information. d) Encyclopedias and databases are types of tertiary resourcesarrow_forwardWhy are the two great oxygenation events in the earth’s atmosphere seen as key prerequisites for the development of Eukaryotic life and later Multicellular life?arrow_forward
- In the 1950s, scientists Miller and Urey conducted a classic experiment in which water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen were sealed in a flask containing a pair of electrodes. An electric spark was fired between the electrodes, and after a week's time, they found that amino acids were present in the flask. Which of the following best explains the significance of this experiment in explaining the origin of life on Earth? A. It showed that any raw materials could produce the compounds necessary for life to exist on early Earth. B. It showed that life must have started somewhere else since organic compounds only come from living thin C. It showed how biological molecules can be formed from the very simple molecules that were available on early Earth. D. It showed how lightning can cause organic matter to decompose into amino acids, which were the first molecules on early Earth.arrow_forwardExplain why Cyanobacteria is considered the first photosynthetic organisms in the earth’s revolution?arrow_forwardWhat is the origin and function of terra preta?arrow_forward
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